An approximation algorithm for counting contingency tables

We present a randomized approximation algorithm for counting contingency tables, mxn non-negative integer matrices with given row sums R=(r_1, ..., r_m) and column sums C=(c_1, ..., c_n). We define smooth margins (R,C) in terms of the typical table and prove that for such margins the algorithm has quasi-polynomial N^{O(ln N)} complexity, where N=r_1+...+r_m=c_1+...+c_n. Various classes of margins are smooth, e.g., when m=O(n), n=O(m) and the ratios between the largest and the smallest row sums as well as between the largest and the smallest column sums are strictly smaller than the golden ratio (1+sqrt{5})/2 = 1.618. The algorithm builds on Monte Carlo integration and sampling algorithms for log-concave densities, the matrix scaling algorithm, the permanent approximation algorithm, and an integral representation for the number of contingency tables.

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