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A supercharacter table decomposition via power-sum symmetric functions

We give an $AB$-factorization of the supercharacter table of the group of $n\times n$ unipotent upper triangular matrices over $\FF_q$, where $A$ is a lower-triangular matrix with entries in $\ZZ[q]$ and $B$ is a unipotent upper-triangular matrix with entries in $\ZZ[q^{-1}]$. To this end we introduce a $q$ deformation of a new power-sum basis of the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions in noncommutative variables. The factorization is obtain from the transition matrices between the supercharacter basis, the $q$-power-sum basis and the superclass basis. This is similar to the decomposition of the character table of the symmetric group $S_n$ given by the transition matrices between Schur functions, monomials and power-sums. We deduce some combinatorial results associated to this decomposition. In particular we compute the determinant of the supercharacter table.