A Riemann-Roch theorem for the noncommutative two torus

We prove the analogue of the Riemann-Roch formula for the noncommutative two torus $A_θ = C(\mathbb{T}_θ^2)$ equipped with an arbitrary translation invariant complex structure and a Weyl factor represented by a positive element $k\in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{T}_θ^2)$. We consider a topologically trivial line bundle equipped with a general holomorphic structure and the corresponding twisted Dolbeault Laplacians. We define an spectral triple ($A_θ, \mathcal{H}, D)$ that encodes the twisted Dolbeault complex of $A_θ$ and whose index gives the left hand side of the Riemann-Roch formula. Using Connes' pseudodifferential calculus and heat equation techniques, we explicitly compute the $b_2$ terms of the asymptotic expansion of $\text{Tr} (e^{-tD^2})$. We find that the curvature term on the right hand side of the Riemann-Roch formula coincides with the scalar curvature of the noncommutative torus recently defined and computed in \cite{CM1} and \cite{FK2}.

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