A quantitative variational analysis of the staircasing phenomenon for a second order regularization of the Perona-Malik functional

We consider the Perona-Malik functional in dimension one, namely an integral functional whose Lagrangian is convex-concave with respect to the derivative, with a convexification that is identically zero. We approximate and regularize the functional by adding a term that depends on second order derivatives multiplied by a small coefficient. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of minima and minimizers as this small parameter vanishes. In particular, we show that minimizers exhibit the so-called staircasing phenomenon, namely they develop a sort of microstructure that looks like a piecewise constant function at a suitable scale. Our analysis relies on Gamma-convergence results for a rescaled functional, blow-up techniques, and a characterization of local minimizers for the limit problem. This approach can be extended to more general models.

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