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Yohei Nakata

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Computer Vision Machine Learning

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preprint2026arXiv

Proxy3D: Efficient 3D Representations for Vision-Language Models via Semantic Clustering and Alignment

Spatial intelligence in vision-language models (VLMs) attracts research interest with the practical demand to reason in the 3D world.Despite promising results, most existing methods follow the conventional 2D pipeline in VLMs and use pixel-aligned representations for the vision modality. However, correspondence-based models with implicit 3D scene understanding often fail to achieve spatial consistency, and representation-based models with 3D geometric priors lack efficiency in vision sequence serialization. To address this, we propose a Proxy3D method with compact yet comprehensive 3D proxy representations for the vision modality. Given only video frames as input, we employ semantic and geometric encoders to extract scene features and then perform their semantic-aware clustering to obtain a set of proxies in the 3D space. For representation alignment, we further curate the SpaceSpan dataset and apply multi-stage training to adopt the proposed 3D proxy representations with the VLM. When using shorter sequences for vision information, our method achieves competitive or state-of-the-art performance in 3D visual question answering, visual grounding and general spatial intelligence benchmarks.

preprint2022arXiv

MTTrans: Cross-Domain Object Detection with Mean-Teacher Transformer

Recently, DEtection TRansformer (DETR), an end-to-end object detection pipeline, has achieved promising performance. However, it requires large-scale labeled data and suffers from domain shift, especially when no labeled data is available in the target domain. To solve this problem, we propose an end-to-end cross-domain detection Transformer based on the mean teacher framework, MTTrans, which can fully exploit unlabeled target domain data in object detection training and transfer knowledge between domains via pseudo labels. We further propose the comprehensive multi-level feature alignment to improve the pseudo labels generated by the mean teacher framework taking advantage of the cross-scale self-attention mechanism in Deformable DETR. Image and object features are aligned at the local, global, and instance levels with domain query-based feature alignment (DQFA), bi-level graph-based prototype alignment (BGPA), and token-wise image feature alignment (TIFA). On the other hand, the unlabeled target domain data pseudo-labeled and available for the object detection training by the mean teacher framework can lead to better feature extraction and alignment. Thus, the mean teacher framework and the comprehensive multi-level feature alignment can be optimized iteratively and mutually based on the architecture of Transformers. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance in three domain adaptation scenarios, especially the result of Sim10k to Cityscapes scenario is remarkably improved from 52.6 mAP to 57.9 mAP. Code will be released.

preprint2020arXiv

RandomNet: Towards Fully Automatic Neural Architecture Design for Multimodal Learning

Almost all neural architecture search methods are evaluated in terms of performance (i.e. test accuracy) of the model structures that it finds. Should it be the only metric for a good autoML approach? To examine aspects beyond performance, we propose a set of criteria aimed at evaluating the core of autoML problem: the amount of human intervention required to deploy these methods into real world scenarios. Based on our proposed evaluation checklist, we study the effectiveness of a random search strategy for fully automated multimodal neural architecture search. Compared to traditional methods that rely on manually crafted feature extractors, our method selects each modality from a large search space with minimal human supervision. We show that our proposed random search strategy performs close to the state of the art on the AV-MNIST dataset while meeting the desirable characteristics for a fully automated design process.