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Yen Ting Lin

Yen Ting Lin contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

7 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

HyCOP: Hybrid Composition Operators for Interpretable Learning of PDEs

We introduce HyCOP, a modular framework that learns parametric PDE solution operators by composing simple modules (advection, diffusion, learned closures, boundary handling) in a query-conditioned way. Rather than learning a monolithic map, HyCOP learns a policy over short programs - which module to apply and for how long - conditioned on regime features and state statistics. Modules may be numerical sub-solvers or learned components, enabling hybrid surrogates evaluated at arbitrary query times without autoregressive rollout. Across diverse PDE benchmarks, HyCOP produces interpretable programs, delivers order-of-magnitude OOD improvements over monolithic neural operators, and supports modular transfer through dictionary updates (e.g., boundary swaps, residual enrichment). Our theory characterizes expressivity and gives an error decomposition that separates composition error from module error and doubles as a process-level diagnostic.

preprint2023arXiv

Data-Driven Mori-Zwanzig: Approaching a Reduced Order Model for Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition

In this work, we apply, for the first time to spatially inhomogeneous flows, a recently developed data-driven learning algorithm of Mori-Zwanzig (MZ) operators, which is based on a generalized Koopman's description of dynamical systems. The MZ formalism provides a mathematically exact procedure for constructing non-Markovian reduced-order models of resolved variables from high-dimensional dynamical systems, where the effects due to the unresolved dynamics are captured in the memory kernel and orthogonal dynamics. The algorithm developed in this work applies Mori's linear projection operator and an SVD based compression to the selection of the resolved variables (equivalently, a low rank approximation of the two time covariance matrices). We show that this MZ decomposition not only identifies the same spatio-temporal structures found by DMD, but it can also be used to extract spatio-temporal structures of the hysteresis effects present in the memory kernels. We perform an analysis of these structures in the context of a laminar-turbulent boundary-layer transition flow over a flared cone at Mach 6, and show the dynamical relevance of the memory kernels. Additionally, by including these memory terms learned in our data-driven MZ approach, we show improvement in prediction accuracy over DMD at the same level of truncation and at a similar computational cost. Furthermore, an analysis of the spatio-temporal structures of the MZ operators shows identifiable structures associated with the nonlinear generation of the so-called "hot" streaks on the surface of the flared code, which have previously been observed in experiments and direct numerical simulations.

preprint2022arXiv

A phase transition for finding needles in nonlinear haystacks with LASSO artificial neural networks

To fit sparse linear associations, a LASSO sparsity inducing penalty with a single hyperparameter provably allows to recover the important features (needles) with high probability in certain regimes even if the sample size is smaller than the dimension of the input vector (haystack). More recently learners known as artificial neural networks (ANN) have shown great successes in many machine learning tasks, in particular fitting nonlinear associations. Small learning rate, stochastic gradient descent algorithm and large training set help to cope with the explosion in the number of parameters present in deep neural networks. Yet few ANN learners have been developed and studied to find needles in nonlinear haystacks. Driven by a single hyperparameter, our ANN learner, like for sparse linear associations, exhibits a phase transition in the probability of retrieving the needles, which we do not observe with other ANN learners. To select our penalty parameter, we generalize the universal threshold of Donoho and Johnstone (1994) which is a better rule than the conservative (too many false detections) and expensive cross-validation. In the spirit of simulated annealing, we propose a warm-start sparsity inducing algorithm to solve the high-dimensional, non-convex and non-differentiable optimization problem. We perform precise Monte Carlo simulations to show the effectiveness of our approach.

preprint2022arXiv

Gene expression noise accelerates the evolution of a biological oscillator

Gene expression is a biochemical process, where stochastic binding and un-binding events naturally generate fluctuations and cell-to-cell variability in gene dynamics. These fluctuations typically have destructive consequences for proper biological dynamics and function (e.g., loss of timing and synchrony in biological oscillators). Here, we show that gene expression noise counter-intuitively accelerates the evolution of a biological oscillator and, thus, can impart a benefit to living organisms. We used computer simulations to evolve two mechanistic models of a biological oscillator at different levels of gene expression noise. We first show that gene expression noise induces oscillatory-like dynamics in regions of parameter space that cannot oscillate in the absence of noise. We then demonstrate that these noise-induced oscillations generate a fitness landscape whose gradient robustly and quickly guides evolution by mutation towards robust and self-sustaining oscillation. These results suggest that noise can help dynamical systems evolve or learn new behavior by revealing cryptic dynamic phenotypes outside the bifurcation point.

preprint2020arXiv

Daily Forecasting of New Cases for Regional Epidemics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 with Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification

To increase situational awareness and support evidence-based policy-making, we formulated two types of mathematical models for COVID-19 transmission within a regional population. One is a fitting function that can be calibrated to reproduce an epidemic curve with two timescales (e.g., fast growth and slow decay). The other is a compartmental model that accounts for quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing, a non-exponentially distributed incubation period, asymptomatic individuals, and mild and severe forms of symptomatic disease. Using Bayesian inference, we have been calibrating our models daily for consistency with new reports of confirmed cases from the 15 most populous metropolitan statistical areas in the United States and quantifying uncertainty in parameter estimates and predictions of future case reports. This online learning approach allows for early identification of new trends despite considerable variability in case reporting. We infer new significant upward trends for five of the metropolitan areas starting between 19-April-2020 and 12-June-2020.

preprint2020arXiv

The Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, is Highly Contagious and More Infectious Than Initially Estimated

The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a recently emerged human pathogen that has spread widely since January 2020. Initially, the basic reproductive number, R0, was estimated to be 2.2 to 2.7. Here we provide a new estimate of this quantity. We collected extensive individual case reports and estimated key epidemiology parameters, including the incubation period. Integrating these estimates and high-resolution real-time human travel and infection data with mathematical models, we estimated that the number of infected individuals during early epidemic double every 2.4 days, and the R0 value is likely to be between 4.7 and 6.6. We further show that quarantine and contact tracing of symptomatic individuals alone may not be effective and early, strong control measures are needed to stop transmission of the virus.

preprint2020arXiv

What needles do sparse neural networks find in nonlinear haystacks

Using a sparsity inducing penalty in artificial neural networks (ANNs) avoids over-fitting, especially in situations where noise is high and the training set is small in comparison to the number of features. For linear models, such an approach provably also recovers the important features with high probability in regimes for a well-chosen penalty parameter. The typical way of setting the penalty parameter is by splitting the data set and performing the cross-validation, which is (1) computationally expensive and (2) not desirable when the data set is already small to be further split (for example, whole-genome sequence data). In this study, we establish the theoretical foundation to select the penalty parameter without cross-validation based on bounding with a high probability the infinite norm of the gradient of the loss function at zero under the zero-feature assumption. Our approach is a generalization of the universal threshold of Donoho and Johnstone (1994) to nonlinear ANN learning. We perform a set of comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations on a simple model, and the numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.