Researcher profile

Wenbo Zhao

Wenbo Zhao contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

8 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Cloud-top infrared observations reveal the four-dimensional precipitation structure

Accurate four-dimensional (4D) precipitation information is essential for understanding the Earth's energy and water cycles, yet remains observationally unresolved at global scales. Conventional theory holds that geostationary infrared observations primarily sense cloud-top properties, with limited sensitivity to sub-cloud precipitation. Here we show that cloud-top infrared measurements nevertheless encode sufficient information to recover the four-dimensional structure of precipitation, revealing a previously unexploited observability of sub-cloud processes. We introduce a physically constrained deep learning framework, 4DPrecipNet, in which a moisture-first constraint requires the latent representation to recover precipitable water vapour, anchoring the model in thermodynamic consistency. By integrating multi-channel infrared radiances with these constraints and radar-derived precipitation profiles, we reconstruct the vertical and temporal evolution of precipitation systems from geostationary orbit. The framework captures deep convective structures and their evolution, with robust performance across large samples and independent radar comparisons. These results demonstrate that sub-cloud precipitation is physically encoded in cloud-top infrared observations, establishing a new pathway for continuous global monitoring of precipitation structure.

preprint2026arXiv

Isotropic Superconductivity in Room-temperature Superconductor LaSc$_{2}$H$_{24}$

The discovery of LaSc$_{2}$H$_{24}$ represents a milestone in the quest for room-temperature superconductivity, yet the microscopic mechanism underlying its superior performance remains unclear. Through a comprehensive revisit of theoretical calculations, we uncover a pivotal transition from the anisotropic two-gap superconductivity of LaH$_{10}$ to the isotropic single-gap superconductivity in LaSc$_{2}$H$_{24}$ upon the introduction of scandium, thereby enhancing the superconducting critical temperature ($T_\mathrm{c}$). This enhancement is rooted in a critical dual role of Sc $3d$ electrons: i) the Sc-derived Jahn-Teller effect promotes hydrogen metallization via the elongation of specific interlayer H-H bonds and enhances electron-phonon coupling (EPC) through the softening of associated phonon modes; ii) Sc $3d$ electrons reconstruct the electronic structure into an MgB$_{2}$-like configuration, generating novel Sc-H-Sc $σ$- and $π$-bonding states with EPC strengths comparable to LaH$_{10}$. Crucially, the pronounced hybridization between Sc and the hydrogen cages effectively unifies these two contributions on the Fermi surface. This Sc-induced gap unification bridges the high-EPC H-H states with widespread Sc-H states, establishing an isotropic single-gap nature with a large overall EPC strength. Our findings identify this Sc-induced gap unification as the fundamental mechanism for achieving room-temperature superconductivity in LaSc$_{2}$H$_{24}$, offering a theoretical blueprint for the future design of superior superconducting hydrides.

preprint2026arXiv

The Impact of Ionic Anharmonicity on Superconductivity in Metal-Stuffed B-C Clathrates

Metal-stuffed B$-$C compounds with sodalite clathrate structure have captured increasing attention due to their predicted exceptional superconductivity above liquid nitrogen temperature at ambient pressure. However, by neglecting the quantum lattice anharmonicity, the existing studies may result in an incomplete understanding of such a lightweight system. Here, using state-of-the-art ab initio methods incorporating quantum effects and machine learning potentials, we revisit the properties of a series of $XY$$\text{B}_{6}\text{C}_{6}$ clathrates where $X$ and $Y$ are metals. Our findings show that ionic quantum and anharmonic effects can harden the $E_g$ and $E_u$ vibrational modes, enabling the dynamical stability of 15 materials previously considered unstable in the harmonic approximation, including materials with previously unreported ($XY$)$^{1+}$ state, which is demonstrated here to be crucial to reach high critical temperatures. Further calculations based on the anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg equation demonstrate that the $T_\text{c}$ values for KRb$\text{B}_{6}\text{C}_{6}$ and Rb$\text{B}_{3}\text{C}_{3}$ among these stabilized compounds are 102 and 115 K at 0 and 15 GPa, respectively, both being higher than $T_\text{c}$ of 92 K of KPb$\text{B}_{6}\text{C}_{6}$ at the anharmonic level. These record-high $T_\text{c}$ values, surpassing liquid nitrogen temperatures, emphasize the importance of anharmonic effects in stabilizing B-C clathrates with large electron-phonon coupling strength and advancing the search for high-$T_\text{c}$ superconductivity at (near) ambient pressure.

preprint2022arXiv

Self-Supervised Arbitrary-Scale Point Clouds Upsampling via Implicit Neural Representation

Point clouds upsampling is a challenging issue to generate dense and uniform point clouds from the given sparse input. Most existing methods either take the end-to-end supervised learning based manner, where large amounts of pairs of sparse input and dense ground-truth are exploited as supervision information; or treat up-scaling of different scale factors as independent tasks, and have to build multiple networks to handle upsampling with varying factors. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that achieves self-supervised and magnification-flexible point clouds upsampling simultaneously. We formulate point clouds upsampling as the task of seeking nearest projection points on the implicit surface for seed points. To this end, we define two implicit neural functions to estimate projection direction and distance respectively, which can be trained by two pretext learning tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that our self-supervised learning based scheme achieves competitive or even better performance than supervised learning based state-of-the-art methods. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/xnowbzhao/sapcu.

preprint2021arXiv

SME: ReRAM-based Sparse-Multiplication-Engine to Squeeze-Out Bit Sparsity of Neural Network

Resistive Random-Access-Memory (ReRAM) crossbar is a promising technique for deep neural network (DNN) accelerators, thanks to its in-memory and in-situ analog computing abilities for Vector-Matrix Multiplication-and-Accumulations (VMMs). However, it is challenging for crossbar architecture to exploit the sparsity in the DNN. It inevitably causes complex and costly control to exploit fine-grained sparsity due to the limitation of tightly-coupled crossbar structure. As the countermeasure, we developed a novel ReRAM-based DNN accelerator, named Sparse-Multiplication-Engine (SME), based on a hardware and software co-design framework. First, we orchestrate the bit-sparse pattern to increase the density of bit-sparsity based on existing quantization methods. Second, we propose a novel weigh mapping mechanism to slice the bits of a weight across the crossbars and splice the activation results in peripheral circuits. This mechanism can decouple the tightly-coupled crossbar structure and cumulate the sparsity in the crossbar. Finally, a superior squeeze-out scheme empties the crossbars mapped with highly-sparse non-zeros from the previous two steps. We design the SME architecture and discuss its use for other quantization methods and different ReRAM cell technologies. Compared with prior state-of-the-art designs, the SME shrinks the use of crossbars up to 8.7x and 2.1x using Resent-50 and MobileNet-v2, respectively, with less than 0.3% accuracy drop on ImageNet.

preprint2020arXiv

Speech-Based Parameter Estimation of an Asymmetric Vocal Fold Oscillation Model and Its Application in Discriminating Vocal Fold Pathologies

So far, several physical models have been proposed for the study of vocal fold oscillations during phonation. The parameters of these models, such as vocal fold elasticity, resistance, etc. are traditionally determined through the observation and measurement of the vocal fold vibrations in the larynx. Since such direct measurements tend to be the most accurate, the traditional practice has been to set the parameter values of these models based on measurements that are averaged across an ensemble of human subjects. However, the direct measurement process is hard to revise outside of clinical settings. In many cases, especially in pathological ones, the properties of the vocal folds often deviate from their generic values---sometimes asymmetrically wherein the characteristics of the two vocal folds differ for the same individual. In such cases, it is desirable to find a more scalable way to adjust the model parameters on a case by case basis. In this paper, we present a novel and alternate way to determine vocal fold model parameters from the speech signal. We focus on an asymmetric model and show that for such models, differences in estimated parameters can be successfully used to discriminate between voices that are characteristic of different underlying vocal fold pathologies.

preprint2019arXiv

Neural Regression Trees

Regression-via-Classification (RvC) is the process of converting a regression problem to a classification one. Current approaches for RvC use ad-hoc discretization strategies and are suboptimal. We propose a neural regression tree model for RvC. In this model, we employ a joint optimization framework where we learn optimal discretization thresholds while simultaneously optimizing the features for each node in the tree. We empirically show the validity of our model by testing it on two challenging regression tasks where we establish the state of the art.

preprint2019arXiv

Simple Question Answering with Subgraph Ranking and Joint-Scoring

Knowledge graph based simple question answering (KBSQA) is a major area of research within question answering. Although only dealing with simple questions, i.e., questions that can be answered through a single knowledge base (KB) fact, this task is neither simple nor close to being solved. Targeting on the two main steps, subgraph selection and fact selection, the research community has developed sophisticated approaches. However, the importance of subgraph ranking and leveraging the subject--relation dependency of a KB fact have not been sufficiently explored. Motivated by this, we present a unified framework to describe and analyze existing approaches. Using this framework as a starting point, we focus on two aspects: improving subgraph selection through a novel ranking method and leveraging the subject--relation dependency by proposing a joint scoring CNN model with a novel loss function that enforces the well-order of scores. Our methods achieve a new state of the art (85.44% in accuracy) on the SimpleQuestions dataset.