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Veronica Vilaplana

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Computer Vision Artificial Intelligence eess.IV Machine Learning

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preprint2026arXiv

DALPHIN: Benchmarking Digital Pathology AI Copilots Against Pathologists on an Open Multicentric Dataset

Foundation models with visual question answering capabilities for digital pathology are emerging. Such unprecedented technology requires independent benchmarking to assess its potential in assisting pathologists in routine diagnostics. We created DALPHIN, the first multicentric open benchmark for pathology AI copilots, comprising 1236 images from 300 cases, spanning 130 rare to common diagnoses, 6 countries, and 14 subspecialties. The DALPHIN design and dataset are introduced alongside a human performance benchmark of 31 pathologists from 10 countries with varying expertise. We report results for two general-purpose (GPT-5, Gemini 2.5 Pro) and one pathology-specific copilot (PathChat+) for sequential and independent answer generation. We observed no statistically significant difference from expert-level performance in four of six tasks for PathChat, 2/6 tasks for Gemini, and 1/6 tasks for GPT. DALPHIN is publicly released with sequestered, indirectly accessible ground truth to foster robust and enduring benchmarking. Data, methods, and the evaluation platform are accessible through dalphin.grand-challenge.org.

preprint2020arXiv

MRI brain tumor segmentation and uncertainty estimation using 3D-UNet architectures

Automation of brain tumor segmentation in 3D magnetic resonance images (MRIs) is key to assess the diagnostic and treatment of the disease. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown improved results in the task. However, high memory consumption is still a problem in 3D-CNNs. Moreover, most methods do not include uncertainty information, which is especially critical in medical diagnosis. This work studies 3D encoder-decoder architectures trained with patch-based techniques to reduce memory consumption and decrease the effect of unbalanced data. The different trained models are then used to create an ensemble that leverages the properties of each model, thus increasing the performance. We also introduce voxel-wise uncertainty information, both epistemic and aleatoric using test-time dropout (TTD) and data-augmentation (TTA) respectively. In addition, a hybrid approach is proposed that helps increase the accuracy of the segmentation. The model and uncertainty estimation measurements proposed in this work have been used in the BraTS'20 Challenge for task 1 and 3 regarding tumor segmentation and uncertainty estimation.