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Researcher profile

Ran He

Ran He contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

ResearcherAffiliation not importedOpen to collaborate
Computation and LanguageArtificial IntelligenceMachine Learning

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Published work

3 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

AgentHallu: Benchmarking Automated Hallucination Attribution of LLM-based Agents

As LLM-based agents operate over sequential multi-step reasoning, hallucinations arising at intermediate steps risk propagating along the trajectory, thus degrading overall reliability. Unlike hallucination detection in single-turn responses, diagnosing hallucinations in multi-step workflows requires identifying which step causes the initial divergence. To fill this gap, we propose a new research task, automated hallucination attribution of LLM-based agents, aiming to identify the step responsible for the hallucination and explain why. To support this task, we introduce AgentHallu, a comprehensive benchmark with: (1) 693 high-quality trajectories spanning 7 agent frameworks and 5 domains, (2) a hallucination taxonomy organized into 5 categories (Planning, Retrieval, Reasoning, Human-Interaction, and Tool-Use) and 14 sub-categories, and (3) multi-level annotations curated by humans, covering binary labels, hallucination-responsible steps, and causal explanations. We evaluate 13 leading models, and results show the task is challenging even for top-tier models (like GPT-5, Gemini-2.5-Pro). The best-performing model achieves only 41.1\% step localization accuracy, where tool-use hallucinations are the most challenging at just 11.6\%. We believe AgentHallu will catalyze future research into developing robust, transparent, and reliable agentic systems.

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preprint2026arXiv

AWPO: Enhancing Tool-Use of Large Language Models through Adaptive Integration of Reasoning Rewards

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) shows promise in training tool-use Large Language Models (LLMs) using verifiable outcome rewards, existing methods largely overlook the potential of reasoning rewards based on chain-of-thought quality for better tool utilization. Furthermore, naïvely combining reasoning and outcome rewards may yield suboptimal performance or conflict with the primary optimization objective. To address this, we propose Advantage-Weighted Policy Optimization (AWPO), a principled RL framework that adaptively integrates reasoning rewards into advantage estimation to improve tool-use performance. AWPO incorporates variance-aware gating and difficulty-aware weighting to adaptively modulate advantages from reasoning signals based on group-relative statistics, alongside a tailored clipping mechanism for stable optimization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that AWPO achieves state-of-the-art performance across standard tool-use benchmarks, significantly outperforming strong baselines and leading closed-source models in challenging multi-turn scenarios. Notably, with exceptional parameter efficiency, our 4B model surpasses Grok-4 by $16.0\%$ in multi-turn accuracy while preserving generalization capability on the out-of-distribution MMLU-Pro benchmark.

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preprint2026arXiv

Beyond GRPO and On-Policy Distillation: An Empirical Sparse-to-Dense Reward Principle for Language-Model Post-Training

We present a four-stage post-training workflow for LLM reasoning that allocates scarce labeled training data more effectively than standard recipes. The stages are: (1) sparse-reward RL on a larger teacher; (2a) forward-KL warmup on teacher rollouts; (2b) on-policy distillation under student rollouts; (3) optional sparse-reward RL on the deployment student using any held-out labeled data. On verifiable math with a Qwen3-1.7B deployment student, the workflow reaches $79.3\%$ MATH and $25.2\%$ AIME~2024 (avg@16), versus $75.9\%$ and $19.8\%$ for direct GRPO on the same student. We justify the workflow through a reward-density principle: each gradient step of on-policy distillation is a local trust-region update under a dense teacher-induced implicit reward, informative only when the teacher is itself reward-shaped (condition C1) and lies within a small KL of the student (condition C2). Stages~1 and~2a are the explicit devices that enforce C1 and C2. A single component ablation confirms that each stage is load-bearing: replacing the RL-improved teacher with a raw teacher costs $7.8$ MATH points, removing the forward-KL warmup costs $1.7$ points, and removing the on-policy distillation stage costs $3.3$ points. The recipe replicates on Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct with a Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct teacher.

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