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Nicolas Libedinsky

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11works
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11 publications

preprint2026arXiv

Bruhat intervals that are large hypercubes

We study the question of finding big Bruhat intervals that are poset hypercubes in the symmetric group SnS_n. Using permutations suggested by AlphaEvolve (an evolutionary coding agent developed by Google DeepMind), we were led to an unusual situation in which the agent produced a pattern which performed well for the nn tested, and which we show works well for general nn. When nn is a power of 2 we exhibit a hypercube of dimension O(nlog⁡n)O(n\log n), matching the largest possible dimension up to a constant multiple. Furthermore, we give an exact characterization of the vertices of this hypercube: they are precisely the \emph{dyadically well-distributed} permutations -- a simple digitwise property that already appeared in connection with Monte Carlo integration and mathematical finance. The maximal dimension of a Bruhat interval that is an hypercube in SnS_n gives a lower bound (and possibly is equal to) the maximal possible coefficient of the second-highest degree term in the Kazhdan--Lusztig RR-polynomial in SnS_n. As a surprising consequence, we obtain a new lower bound of order nlog⁡nn\log n for the maximal number of frozen variables appearing in the cluster algebras attached to the open Richardson varieties in SnS_n, and a similar result for moduli spaces of embeddings of Bruhat graphs.

preprint2026arXiv

Soohak: A Mathematician-Curated Benchmark for Evaluating Research-level Math Capabilities of LLMs

Following the recent achievement of gold-medal performance on the IMO by frontier LLMs, the community is searching for the next meaningful and challenging target for measuring LLM reasoning. Whereas olympiad-style problems measure step-by-step reasoning alone, research-level problems use such reasoning to advance the frontier of mathematical knowledge itself, emerging as a compelling alternative. Yet research-level math benchmarks remain scarce because such problems are difficult to source (e.g., Riemann Bench and FrontierMath-Tier 4 contain 25 and 50 problems, respectively). To support reliable evaluation of next-generation frontier models, we introduce Soohak, a 439-problem benchmark newly authored from scratch by 64 mathematicians. Soohak comprises two subsets. On the Challenge subset, frontier models including Gemini-3-Pro, GPT-5, and Claude-Opus-4.5 reach 30.4%, 26.4%, and 10.4% respectively, leaving substantial headroom, while leading open-weight models such as Qwen3-235B, GPT-OSS-120B, and Kimi-2.5 remain below 15%. Notably, beyond standard problem solving, Soohak introduces a refusal subset that probes a capability intrinsic to research mathematics: recognizing ill-posed problems and pausing rather than producing confident but unjustified answers. On this subset, no model exceeds 50%, identifying refusal as a new optimization target that current models do not directly address. To prevent contamination, the dataset will be publicly released in late 2026, with model evaluations available upon request in the interim.

preprint2024arXiv

Demazure operators for double cosets

For any Coxeter system, and any double coset for two standard parabolic subgroups, we introduce a Demazure operator. These operators form a basis for morphism spaces in a category we call the nilCoxeter category, and we also present this category by generators and relations. We prove a generalization to this context of Demazure's celebrated theorem on Frobenius extensions. This generalized theorem serves as a criterion for ensuring the proper behavior of singular Soergel bimodules.

preprint2024arXiv

Subexpressions and the Bruhat order for double cosets

The Bruhat order on a Coxeter group is often described by examining subexpressions of a reduced expression. We prove that an analogous description applies to the Bruhat order on double cosets. This establishes the compatibility of the Bruhat order on double cosets with concatenation, leading to compatibility between the monoidal structure and the ideal of lower terms in the singular Hecke 2-category. We also prove other fundamental properties of this ideal of lower terms.

preprint2022arXiv

Combinatorial invariance conjecture for A~2\widetilde{A}_2

The combinatorial invariance conjecture (due independently to G. Lusztig and M. Dyer) predicts that if [x,y][x,y] and [x′,y′][x',y'] are isomorphic Bruhat posets (of possibly different Coxeter systems), then the corresponding Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials are equal, that is, Px,y(q)=Px′,y′(q)P_{x,y}(q)=P_{x',y'}(q). We prove this conjecture for the affine Weyl group of type A~2\widetilde{A}_2. This is the first infinite group with non-trivial Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials where the conjecture is proved.

preprint2022arXiv

Pre-canonical bases on affine Hecke algebras

For any affine Weyl group, we introduce the pre-canonical bases. They are a set of bases {Ni}1≤i≤m+1\{\mathbf{N}^i\}_{1\leq i \leq m+1} (where mm is the height of the highest root) of the spherical Hecke algebra that interpolates between the standard basis N1\mathbf{N}^1 and the canonical basis Nm+1\mathbf{N}^{m+1}. The expansion of Ni+1\mathbf{N}^{i+1} in terms of the Ni\mathbf{N}^i is in many cases very simple and we conjecture that in type AA it is positive.

preprint2022arXiv

The anti-spherical category

We study a diagrammatic categorification (the "anti-spherical category") of the anti-spherical module for any Coxeter group. We deduce that Deodhar's (sign) parabolic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials have non-negative coefficients, and that a monotonicity conjecture of Brenti's holds. The main technical observation is a localisation procedure for the anti-spherical category, from which we construct a "light leaves" basis of morphisms. Our techniques may be used to calculate many new elements of the pp-canonical basis in the anti-spherical module.

preprint2020arXiv

Blob algebra approach to modular representation theory

Two decades ago P. Martin and D. Woodcock made a surprising and prophetic link between statistical mechanics and representation theory. They observed that the decomposition numbers of the blob algebra (that appeared in the context of transfer matrix algebras) are Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials in type A~1\tilde{A}_1. In this paper we take that observation far beyond its original scope. We conjecture that for A~n\tilde{A}_n there is an equivalence of categories between the characteristic pp diagrammatic Hecke category and a "blob category" that we introduce (using certain quotients of KLR algebras called \emph{generalized blob algebras}). Using alcove geometry we prove the "graded degree" part of this equivalence for all nn and all prime numbers pp. If our conjecture was verified, it would imply that the graded decomposition numbers of the generalized blob algebras in characteristic pp give the pp-Kazhdan Lusztig polynomials in type A~n\tilde{A}_n. We prove this for A~1\tilde{A}_1, the only case where the pp-Kazhdan Lusztig polynomials are known.

preprint2020arXiv

Light leaves and Lusztig's conjecture

We introduce the Double leaves basis, a combinatorial basis for the Hom spaces between two Bott-Samelson-Soergel bimodules. As an application we give a combinatorial algorithm to find, for any given Weyl or affine Weyl group, the set of primes for which Soergel's conjecture hold. This conjecture for Weyl groups is equivalent to a part of Lusztig's conjecture and for affine Weyl groups implies (and is probably equivalent to) the full Lusztig conjecture. Following this double leaves approach G. Williamson found counterexamples to Lusztig's conjecture. The double leaves basis has found other spectacular applications in the recent proof by B. Elias and G. Williamson of the positivity of the coefficients of Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for any Coxeter system and in their algebraic proof of Kazhdan-Lusztig conjecture.

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