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Minsuk Kahng

Minsuk Kahng appears in the imported research catalog. Authorship, coauthor and topic links are available while profile ownership is still unclaimed.

ResearcherUnclaimed source record
Artificial IntelligenceMachine LearningHuman-Computer InteractionComputer Visioncs.CYDatabasesData Structures and AlgorithmsInformation RetrievalSocial and Information Networks

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Published work

11 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

COMPASS: A Framework for Evaluating Organization-Specific Policy Alignment in LLMs

As large language models are deployed in high-stakes enterprise applications, from healthcare to finance, ensuring adherence to organization-specific policies has become essential. Yet existing safety evaluations focus exclusively on universal harms. We present COMPASS (Company/Organization Policy Alignment Assessment), the first systematic framework for evaluating whether LLMs comply with organizational allowlist and denylist policies. We apply COMPASS to eight diverse industry scenarios, generating and validating 5,920 queries that test both routine compliance and adversarial robustness through strategically designed edge cases. Evaluating seven state-of-the-art models, we uncover a fundamental asymmetry: models reliably handle legitimate requests (>95% accuracy) but catastrophically fail at enforcing prohibitions, refusing only 13-40% of adversarial denylist violations. These results demonstrate that current LLMs lack the robustness required for policy-critical deployments, establishing COMPASS as an essential evaluation framework for organizational AI safety.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

Going PLACES: Participatory Localized Red Teaming for Text-to-Image Safety in the Global South

Despite the global deployment of text-to-image (T2I) models, their safety frameworks are largely calibrated to a Western-centric default, creating significant vulnerabilities for the rest of the world. To embrace cultural pluralism and bring historically under-represented perspectives in T2I safety, we conduct localised community-centered red teaming studies in the Global South. Our two-fold approach prioritizes localization and participation, by focusing on secondary urban centers in these regions, and conducting community engagement and training workshops to contextualize local norms. As a result, we present PLACES, a dataset comprising over 26,000 examples of T2I model failures collected in partnership with universities in Ghana, Nigeria, and two regions of India (Karnataka and Punjab). Analysis of prompts collected reveals a wide-ranging diversity in socio-cultural and linguistic attributes, when compared to existing geography-agnostic crowdsourced red-teaming data. We observe unique adversarial patterns enabled by local cultural and linguistic nuances, and distinct clusters within region around specific themes, such as religion in India. Moreover, we uncover structural contextual gaps in existing safety frameworks by identifying novel harms showing normative dissonance (e.g., violating religious norms, ignoring local customs, and ominous symbolism). This work argues that expanding T2I safety requires moving beyond mere scale to incorporate deeply localised, participatory methodologies for data collection and contextualization. Content warning: This paper includes examples containing potentially harmful or offensive content.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Beyond Value: CHECKLIST for Testing Inferences in Planning-Based RL

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents are commonly evaluated via their expected value over a distribution of test scenarios. Unfortunately, this evaluation approach provides limited evidence for post-deployment generalization beyond the test distribution. In this paper, we address this limitation by extending the recent CheckList testing methodology from natural language processing to planning-based RL. Specifically, we consider testing RL agents that make decisions via online tree search using a learned transition model and value function. The key idea is to improve the assessment of future performance via a CheckList approach for exploring and assessing the agent's inferences during tree search. The approach provides the user with an interface and general query-rule mechanism for identifying potential inference flaws and validating expected inference invariances. We present a user study involving knowledgeable AI researchers using the approach to evaluate an agent trained to play a complex real-time strategy game. The results show the approach is effective in allowing users to identify previously-unknown flaws in the agent's reasoning. In addition, our analysis provides insight into how AI experts use this type of testing approach, which may help improve future instantiations.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

DendroMap: Visual Exploration of Large-Scale Image Datasets for Machine Learning with Treemaps

In this paper, we present DendroMap, a novel approach to interactively exploring large-scale image datasets for machine learning (ML). ML practitioners often explore image datasets by generating a grid of images or projecting high-dimensional representations of images into 2-D using dimensionality reduction techniques (e.g., t-SNE). However, neither approach effectively scales to large datasets because images are ineffectively organized and interactions are insufficiently supported. To address these challenges, we develop DendroMap by adapting Treemaps, a well-known visualization technique. DendroMap effectively organizes images by extracting hierarchical cluster structures from high-dimensional representations of images. It enables users to make sense of the overall distributions of datasets and interactively zoom into specific areas of interests at multiple levels of abstraction. Our case studies with widely-used image datasets for deep learning demonstrate that users can discover insights about datasets and trained models by examining the diversity of images, identifying underperforming subgroups, and analyzing classification errors. We conducted a user study that evaluates the effectiveness of DendroMap in grouping and searching tasks by comparing it with a gridified version of t-SNE and found that participants preferred DendroMap. DendroMap is available at https://div-lab.github.io/dendromap/.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

From Heatmaps to Structural Explanations of Image Classifiers

This paper summarizes our endeavors in the past few years in terms of explaining image classifiers, with the aim of including negative results and insights we have gained. The paper starts with describing the explainable neural network (XNN), which attempts to extract and visualize several high-level concepts purely from the deep network, without relying on human linguistic concepts. This helps users understand network classifications that are less intuitive and substantially improves user performance on a difficult fine-grained classification task of discriminating among different species of seagulls. Realizing that an important missing piece is a reliable heatmap visualization tool, we have developed I-GOS and iGOS++ utilizing integrated gradients to avoid local optima in heatmap generation, which improved the performance across all resolutions. During the development of those visualizations, we realized that for a significant number of images, the classifier has multiple different paths to reach a confident prediction. This has lead to our recent development of structured attention graphs (SAGs), an approach that utilizes beam search to locate multiple coarse heatmaps for a single image, and compactly visualizes a set of heatmaps by capturing how different combinations of image regions impact the confidence of a classifier. Through the research process, we have learned much about insights in building deep network explanations, the existence and frequency of multiple explanations, and various tricks of the trade that make explanations work. In this paper, we attempt to share those insights and opinions with the readers with the hope that some of them will be informative for future researchers on explainable deep learning.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

One Explanation is Not Enough: Structured Attention Graphs for Image Classification

Attention maps are a popular way of explaining the decisions of convolutional networks for image classification. Typically, for each image of interest, a single attention map is produced, which assigns weights to pixels based on their importance to the classification. A single attention map, however, provides an incomplete understanding since there are often many other maps that explain a classification equally well. In this paper, we introduce structured attention graphs (SAGs), which compactly represent sets of attention maps for an image by capturing how different combinations of image regions impact a classifier's confidence. We propose an approach to compute SAGs and a visualization for SAGs so that deeper insight can be gained into a classifier's decisions. We conduct a user study comparing the use of SAGs to traditional attention maps for answering counterfactual questions about image classifications. Our results show that the users are more correct when answering comparative counterfactual questions based on SAGs compared to the baselines.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

CNN 101: Interactive Visual Learning for Convolutional Neural Networks

The success of deep learning solving previously-thought hard problems has inspired many non-experts to learn and understand this exciting technology. However, it is often challenging for learners to take the first steps due to the complexity of deep learning models. We present our ongoing work, CNN 101, an interactive visualization system for explaining and teaching convolutional neural networks. Through tightly integrated interactive views, CNN 101 offers both overview and detailed descriptions of how a model works. Built using modern web technologies, CNN 101 runs locally in users' web browsers without requiring specialized hardware, broadening the public's education access to modern deep learning techniques.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

Chronodes: Interactive Multi-focus Exploration of Event Sequences

The advent of mobile health technologies presents new challenges that existing visualizations, interactive tools, and algorithms are not yet designed to support. In dealing with uncertainty in sensor data and high-dimensional physiological records, we must seek to improve current tools that make sense of health data from traditional perspectives in event-based trend discovery. With Chronodes, a system developed to help researchers collect, interpret, and model mobile health (mHealth) data, we posit a series of interaction techniques that enable new approaches to understanding and exploring event-based data. From numerous and discontinuous mobile health data streams, Chronodes finds and visualizes frequent event sequences that reveal common chronological patterns across participants and days. By then promoting the sequences as interactive elements, Chronodes presents opportunities for finding, defining, and comparing cohorts of participants that exhibit particular behaviors. We applied Chronodes to a real 40GB mHealth dataset capturing about 400 hours of data. Through our pilot study with 20 behavioral and biomedical health experts, we gained insights into Chronodes' efficacy, limitations, and potential applicability to a wide range of healthcare scenarios.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

Interactive Browsing and Navigation in Relational Databases

Although researchers have devoted considerable attention to helping database users formulate queries, many users still find it challenging to specify queries that involve joining tables. To help users construct join queries for exploring relational databases, we propose ETable, a novel presentation data model that provides users with a presentation-level interactive view. This view compactly presents one-to-many and many-to-many relationships within a single enriched table by allowing a cell to contain a set of entity references. Users can directly interact with this enriched table to incrementally construct complex queries and navigate databases on a conceptual entity-relationship level. In a user study, participants performed a range of database querying tasks faster with ETable than with a commercial graphical query builder. Subjective feedback about ETable was also positive. All participants found that ETable was easier to learn and helpful for exploring databases.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

M-Flash: Fast Billion-scale Graph Computation Using a Bimodal Block Processing Model

Recent graph computation approaches have demonstrated that a single PC can perform efficiently on billion-scale graphs. While these approaches achieve scalability by optimizing I/O operations, they do not fully exploit the capabilities of modern hard drives and processors. To overcome their performance, in this work, we introduce the Bimodal Block Processing (BBP), an innovation that is able to boost the graph computation by minimizing the I/O cost even further. With this strategy, we achieved the following contributions: (1) M-Flash, the fastest graph computation framework to date; (2) a flexible and simple programming model to easily implement popular and essential graph algorithms, including the first single-machine billion-scale eigensolver; and (3) extensive experiments on real graphs with up to 6.6 billion edges, demonstrating M-Flash's consistent and significant speedup.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

Seeing the Forest through the Trees: Adaptive Local Exploration of Large Graphs

Visualization is a powerful paradigm for exploratory data analysis. Visualizing large graphs, however, often results in a meaningless hairball. In this paper, we propose a different approach that helps the user adaptively explore large million-node graphs from a local perspective. For nodes that the user investigates, we propose to only show the neighbors with the most subjectively interesting neighborhoods. We contribute novel ideas to measure this interestingness in terms of how surprising a neighborhood is given the background distribution, as well as how well it fits the nodes the user chose to explore. We introduce FACETS, a fast and scalable method for visually exploring large graphs. By implementing our above ideas, it allows users to look into the forest through its trees. Empirical evaluation shows that our method works very well in practice, providing rankings of nodes that match interests of users. Moreover, as it scales linearly, FACETS is suited for the exploration of very large graphs.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access