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Luca Furieri

Luca Furieri contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

8 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Learning Over-Relaxation Policies for ADMM with Convergence Guarantees

The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is a widely used method for structured convex optimization, and its practical performance depends strongly on the choice of penalty and relaxation parameters. Motivated by settings such as Model Predictive Control (MPC), where one repeatedly solves related optimization problems with fixed structure and changing parameter values, we propose learning online updates of the relaxation parameter to improve performance on problem classes of interest. This choice is computationally attractive in OSQP-like architectures, since adapting relaxation does not trigger the matrix refactorizations associated with penalty updates. We establish convergence guarantees for ADMM with time-varying penalty and relaxation parameters under mild assumptions, and show on benchmark quadratic programs that the resulting learned policies improve both iteration count and wall-clock time over baseline OSQP.

preprint2022arXiv

Hamiltonian Deep Neural Networks Guaranteeing Non-vanishing Gradients by Design

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) training can be difficult due to vanishing and exploding gradients during weight optimization through backpropagation. To address this problem, we propose a general class of Hamiltonian DNNs (H-DNNs) that stem from the discretization of continuous-time Hamiltonian systems and include several existing DNN architectures based on ordinary differential equations. Our main result is that a broad set of H-DNNs ensures non-vanishing gradients by design for an arbitrary network depth. This is obtained by proving that, using a semi-implicit Euler discretization scheme, the backward sensitivity matrices involved in gradient computations are symplectic. We also provide an upper-bound to the magnitude of sensitivity matrices and show that exploding gradients can be controlled through regularization. Finally, we enable distributed implementations of backward and forward propagation algorithms in H-DNNs by characterizing appropriate sparsity constraints on the weight matrices. The good performance of H-DNNs is demonstrated on benchmark classification problems, including image classification with the MNIST dataset.

preprint2022arXiv

Near-Optimal Design of Safe Output Feedback Controllers from Noisy Data

As we transition towards the deployment of data-driven controllers for black-box cyberphysical systems, complying with hard safety constraints becomes a primary concern. Two key aspects should be addressed when input-output data are corrupted by noise: how much uncertainty can one tolerate without compromising safety, and to what extent is the control performance affected? By focusing on finite-horizon constrained linear-quadratic problems, we provide an answer to these questions in terms of the model mismatch incurred during a preliminary identification phase. We propose a control design procedure based on a quasiconvex relaxation of the original robust problem and we prove that, if the uncertainty is sufficiently small, the synthesized controller is safe and near-optimal, in the sense that the suboptimality gap increases linearly with the model mismatch level. Since the proposed method is independent of the specific identification procedure, our analysis holds in combination with state-of-the-art behavioral estimators beyond standard least-squares. The main theoretical results are validated by numerical experiments.

preprint2022arXiv

Neural System Level Synthesis: Learning over All Stabilizing Policies for Nonlinear Systems

We address the problem of designing stabilizing control policies for nonlinear systems in discrete-time, while minimizing an arbitrary cost function. When the system is linear and the cost is convex, the System Level Synthesis (SLS) approach offers an effective solution based on convex programming. Beyond this case, a globally optimal solution cannot be found in a tractable way, in general. In this paper, we develop a parametrization of all and only the control policies stabilizing a given time-varying nonlinear system in terms of the combined effect of 1) a strongly stabilizing base controller and 2) a stable SLS operator to be freely designed. Based on this result, we propose a Neural SLS (Neur-SLS) approach guaranteeing closed-loop stability during and after parameter optimization, without requiring any constraints to be satisfied. We exploit recent Deep Neural Network (DNN) models based on Recurrent Equilibrium Networks (RENs) to learn over a rich class of nonlinear stable operators, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in numerical examples.

preprint2022arXiv

System-level, Input-output and New Parameterizations of Stabilizing Controllers, and Their Numerical Computation

It is known that the set of internally stabilizing controller $\mathcal{C}_{\text{stab}}$ is non-convex, but it admits convex characterizations using certain closed-loop maps: a classical result is the Youla parameterization, and two recent notions are the system-level parameterization (SLP) and the input-output parameterization (IOP). In this paper, we address the existence of new convex parameterizations and discuss potential tradeoffs of each parametrization in different scenarios. Our main contributions are: 1) We reveal that only four groups of stable closed-loop transfer matrices are equivalent to internal stability: one of them is used in the SLP, another one is used in the IOP, and the other two are new, leading to two new convex parameterizations of $\mathcal{C}_{\text{stab}}$. 2) We investigate the properties of these parameterizations after imposing the finite impulse response (FIR) approximation, revealing that the IOP has the best ability of approximating $\mathcal{C}_{\text{stab}}$ given FIR constraints. 3) These four parameterizations require no \emph{a priori} doubly-coprime factorization of the plant, but impose a set of equality constraints. However, these equality constraints will never be satisfied exactly in floating-point arithmetic computation and/or implementation. We prove that the IOP is numerically robust for open-loop stable plants, in the sense that small mismatches in the equality constraints do not compromise the closed-loop stability; but a direct IOP implementation will fail to stabilize open-loop unstable systems in practice. The SLP is known to enjoy numerical robustness in the state feedback case; here, we show that numerical robustness of the four-block SLP controller requires case-by-case analysis even the plant is open-loop stable.

preprint2020arXiv

An Input-Output Parametrization of Stabilizing Controllers: amidst Youla and System Level Synthesis

This paper proposes a novel input-output parametrization of the set of internally stabilizing output-feedback controllers for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Our underlying idea is to directly treat the closed-loop transfer matrices from disturbances to input and output signals as design parameters and exploit their affine relationships. This input-output perspective is particularly effective when a doubly-coprime factorization is difficult to compute, or an initial stabilizing controller is challenging to find; most previous work requires one of these pre-computation steps. Instead, our approach can bypass such pre-computations, in the sense that a stabilizing controller is computed by directly solving a linear program (LP). Furthermore, we show that the proposed input-output parametrization allows for computing norm-optimal controllers subject to quadratically invariant (QI) constraints using convex programming.

preprint2020arXiv

Sparsity Invariance for Convex Design of Distributed Controllers

We address the problem of designing optimal linear time-invariant (LTI) sparse controllers for LTI systems, which corresponds to minimizing a norm of the closed-loop system subject to sparsity constraints on the controller structure. This problem is NP-hard in general and motivates the development of tractable approximations. We characterize a class of convex restrictions based on a new notion of Sparsity Invariance (SI). The underlying idea of SI is to design sparsity patterns for transfer matrices Y(s) and X(s) such that any corresponding controller K(s)=Y(s)X(s)^-1 exhibits the desired sparsity pattern. For sparsity constraints, the approach of SI goes beyond the notion of Quadratic Invariance (QI): 1) the SI approach always yields a convex restriction; 2) the solution via the SI approach is guaranteed to be globally optimal when QI holds and performs at least as well as considering a nearest QI subset. Moreover, the notion of SI naturally applies to designing structured static controllers, while QI is not utilizable. Numerical examples show that even for non-QI cases, SI can recover solutions that are 1) globally optimal and 2) strictly more performing than previous methods.

preprint2019arXiv

On the Equivalence of Youla, System-level and Input-output Parameterizations

A convex parameterization of internally stabilizing controllers is fundamental for many controller synthesis procedures. The celebrated Youla parameterization relies on a doubly-coprime factorization of the system, while the recent system-level and input-output characterizations require no doubly-coprime factorization but a set of equality constraints for achievable closed-loop responses. In this paper, we present explicit affine mappings among Youla, system-level and input-output parameterizations. Two direct implications of the affine mappings are 1) any convex problem in Youla, system level, or input-output parameters can be equivalently and convexly formulated in any other one of these frameworks, including the convex system-level synthesis (SLS); 2) the condition of quadratic invariance (QI) is sufficient and necessary for the classical distributed control problem to admit an equivalent convex reformulation in terms of Youla, system-level, or input-output parameters.