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Kijung Kim

Kijung Kim contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

4 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Initiation of Interaction Detection Framework using a Nonverbal Cue for Human-Robot Interaction

This paper describes an initiation of interaction(IoI) detection framework without keywords for human-robot interaction(HRI) based on audio and vision sensor fusion in a domestic environment. In the proposed framework, the robot has its own audio and vision sensors, and can employ external vision sensor for stable human detection and tracking. When the user starts to speak while looking at the robot, the robot can localize his or her position by its sound source localization together with human tracking information. Then the robot can detect the IoI if it perceives the face of the speaker faces the robot. In case that the user does not speak directly, the robot can also detect the IoI if he or she looks at the robot for more than predefined periods of time. A state transition model for the proposed IoI detection framework is designed and verified by experiments with a mobile robot. In order to implement and associate our model in a robot architecture, all the components are implemented and integrated in the Robot Operating System(ROS) environment.

preprint2021arXiv

Restrained Italian domination in trees

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. A subset $D$ of $V$ is a \textit{restrained dominating set} if every vertex in $V \setminus D$ is adjacent to a vertex in $D$ and to a vertex in $V \setminus D$. The \textit{restrained domination number}, denoted by $γ_r(G)$, is the smallest cardinality of a restrained dominating set of $G$. A function $f : V \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2\}$ is a \textit{restrained Italian dominating function} on $G$ if (i) for each vertex $v \in V$ for which $f(v)=0$, it holds that $\sum_{u \in N_G(v)} f(u) \geq 2$, (ii) the subgraph induced by $\{v \in V \mid f(v)=0 \}$ has no isolated vertices. The \textit{restrained Italian domination number}, denoted by $γ_{rI}(G)$, is the minimum weight taken over all restrained Italian dominating functions of $G$. It is known that $γ_r(G) \leq γ_{rI}(G) \leq 2γ_r(G)$ for any graph $G$. In this paper, we characterize the trees $T$ for which $γ_r(T) = γ_{rI}(T)$, and we also characterize the trees $T$ for which $γ_{rI}(T) = 2γ_r(T)$.

preprint2020arXiv

The Italian bondage and reinforcement numbers of digraphs

An \textit{Italian dominating function} on a digraph $D$ with vertex set $V(D)$ is defined as a function $f : V(D) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2\}$ such that every vertex $v \in V(D)$ with $f(v) = 0$ has at least two in-neighbors assigned $1$ under $f$ or one in-neighbor $w$ with $f(w) = 2$. The \textit{weight} of an Italian dominating function $f$ is the value $ω(f) = f(V(D)) = \sum_{u \in V(D)} f(u)$. The \textit{Italian domination number} of a digraph $D$, denoted by $γ_I(D)$, is the minimum taken over the weights of all Italian dominating functions on $D$. The \textit{Italian bondage number} of a digraph $D$, denoted by $b_I(D)$, is the minimum number of arcs of $A(D)$ whose removal in $D$ results in a digraph $D&#39;$ with $γ_I(D&#39;) > γ_I(D)$. The \textit{Italian reinforcement number} of a digraph $D$, denoted by $r_I(D)$, is the minimum number of extra arcs whose addition to $D$ results in a digraph $D&#39;$ with $γ_I(D&#39;) < γ_I(D)$. In this paper, we initiate the study of Italian bondage and reinforcement numbers in digraphs and present some bounds for $b_I(D)$ and $r_I(D)$. We also determine the Italian bondage and reinforcement numbers of some classes of digraphs.

preprint2020arXiv

The Italian domination numbers of some products of directed cycles

An Italian dominating function on a digraph $D$ with vertex set $V(D)$ is defined as a function $f : V(D) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2\}$ such that every vertex $v \in V(D)$ with $f(v) = 0$ has at least two in-neighbors assigned $1$ under $f$ or one in-neighbor $w$ with $f(w) = 2$. In this paper, we determine the exact values of the Italian domination numbers of some products of directed cycles.