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Hanxi Li

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Published work

9 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

UniISP: A Unified ISP Framework for Both Human and Machine Vision

Compared to RGB images, raw sensor data provides a richer representation of information, which is crucial for accurate recognition, particularly under challenging conditions such as low-light environments. The traditional Image Signal Processing (ISP) pipeline generates visually pleasing RGB images for human perception through a series of steps, but some of these operations may adversely impact the information integrity by introducing compression and loss. Furthermore, in computer vision tasks that directly utilize raw camera data, most existing methods integrate minimal ISP processing with downstream networks, yet the resulting images are often difficult to visualize or do not align with human aesthetic preferences. This paper proposes UniISP, a novel ISP framework designed to simultaneously meet the requirements of both human visual perception and computer vision applications. By incorporating a carefully designed Hybrid Attention Module (HAM) and employing supervised learning, the proposed method ensures that the generated images are visually appealing. Additionally, a Feature Adapter module is introduced to effectively propagate informative features from the ISP stage to subsequent downstream networks. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance across various scenarios and multiple datasets, proving its generalizability and effectiveness.

preprint2017arXiv

Robust and Real-time Deep Tracking Via Multi-Scale Domain Adaptation

Visual tracking is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Recently, some deep-learning-based tracking algorithms have been achieving record-breaking performances. However, due to the high complexity of deep learning, most deep trackers suffer from low tracking speed, and thus are impractical in many real-world applications. Some new deep trackers with smaller network structure achieve high efficiency while at the cost of significant decrease on precision. In this paper, we propose to transfer the feature for image classification to the visual tracking domain via convolutional channel reductions. The channel reduction could be simply viewed as an additional convolutional layer with the specific task. It not only extracts useful information for object tracking but also significantly increases the tracking speed. To better accommodate the useful feature of the target in different scales, the adaptation filters are designed with different sizes. The yielded visual tracker is real-time and also illustrates the state-of-the-art accuracies in the experiment involving two well-adopted benchmarks with more than 100 test videos.

preprint2015arXiv

DeepTrack: Learning Discriminative Feature Representations Online for Robust Visual Tracking

Deep neural networks, albeit their great success on feature learning in various computer vision tasks, are usually considered as impractical for online visual tracking because they require very long training time and a large number of training samples. In this work, we present an efficient and very robust tracking algorithm using a single Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for learning effective feature representations of the target object, in a purely online manner. Our contributions are multifold: First, we introduce a novel truncated structural loss function that maintains as many training samples as possible and reduces the risk of tracking error accumulation. Second, we enhance the ordinary Stochastic Gradient Descent approach in CNN training with a robust sample selection mechanism. The sampling mechanism randomly generates positive and negative samples from different temporal distributions, which are generated by taking the temporal relations and label noise into account. Finally, a lazy yet effective updating scheme is designed for CNN training. Equipped with this novel updating algorithm, the CNN model is robust to some long-existing difficulties in visual tracking such as occlusion or incorrect detections, without loss of the effective adaption for significant appearance changes. In the experiment, our CNN tracker outperforms all compared state-of-the-art methods on two recently proposed benchmarks which in total involve over 60 video sequences. The remarkable performance improvement over the existing trackers illustrates the superiority of the feature representations which are learned

preprint2015arXiv

Learning Discriminative Representations for Semantic Cross Media Retrieval

Heterogeneous gap among different modalities emerges as one of the critical issues in modern AI problems. Unlike traditional uni-modal cases, where raw features are extracted and directly measured, the heterogeneous nature of cross modal tasks requires the intrinsic semantic representation to be compared in a unified framework. This paper studies the learning of different representations that can be retrieved across different modality contents. A novel approach for mining cross-modal representations is proposed by incorporating explicit linear semantic projecting in Hilbert space. The insight is that the discriminative structures of different modality data can be linearly represented in appropriate high dimension Hilbert spaces, where linear operations can be used to approximate nonlinear decisions in the original spaces. As a result, an efficient linear semantic down mapping is jointly learned for multimodal data, leading to a common space where they can be compared. The mechanism of "feature up-lifting and down-projecting" works seamlessly as a whole, which accomplishes crossmodal retrieval tasks very well. The proposed method, named as shared discriminative semantic representation learning (\textbf{SDSRL}), is tested on two public multimodal dataset for both within- and inter- modal retrieval. The experiments demonstrate that it outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in most scenarios.

preprint2011arXiv

Face Recognition using Optimal Representation Ensemble

Recently, the face recognizers based on linear representations have been shown to deliver state-of-the-art performance. In real-world applications, however, face images usually suffer from expressions, disguises and random occlusions. The problematic facial parts undermine the validity of the linear-subspace assumption and thus the recognition performance deteriorates significantly. In this work, we address the problem in a learning-inference-mixed fashion. By observing that the linear-subspace assumption is more reliable on certain face patches rather than on the holistic face, some Bayesian Patch Representations (BPRs) are randomly generated and interpreted according to the Bayes' theory. We then train an ensemble model over the patch-representations by minimizing the empirical risk w.r.t the "leave-one-out margins". The obtained model is termed Optimal Representation Ensemble (ORE), since it guarantees the optimality from the perspective of Empirical Risk Minimization. To handle the unknown patterns in test faces, a robust version of BPR is proposed by taking the non-face category into consideration. Equipped with the Robust-BPRs, the inference ability of ORE is increased dramatically and several record-breaking accuracies (99.9% on Yale-B and 99.5% on AR) and desirable efficiencies (below 20 ms per face in Matlab) are achieved. It also overwhelms other modular heuristics on the faces with random occlusions, extreme expressions and disguises. Furthermore, to accommodate immense BPRs sets, a boosting-like algorithm is also derived. The boosted model, a.k.a Boosted-ORE, obtains similar performance to its prototype. Besides the empirical superiorities, two desirable features of the proposed methods, namely, the training-determined model-selection and the data-weight-free boosting procedure, are also theoretically verified.

preprint2011arXiv

Totally Corrective Boosting for Regularized Risk Minimization

Consideration of the primal and dual problems together leads to important new insights into the characteristics of boosting algorithms. In this work, we propose a general framework that can be used to design new boosting algorithms. A wide variety of machine learning problems essentially minimize a regularized risk functional. We show that the proposed boosting framework, termed CGBoost, can accommodate various loss functions and different regularizers in a totally-corrective optimization fashion. We show that, by solving the primal rather than the dual, a large body of totally-corrective boosting algorithms can actually be efficiently solved and no sophisticated convex optimization solvers are needed. We also demonstrate that some boosting algorithms like AdaBoost can be interpreted in our framework--even their optimization is not totally corrective. We empirically show that various boosting algorithms based on the proposed framework perform similarly on the UCIrvine machine learning datasets [1] that we have used in the experiments.

preprint2010arXiv

Boosting through Optimization of Margin Distributions

Boosting has attracted much research attention in the past decade. The success of boosting algorithms may be interpreted in terms of the margin theory. Recently it has been shown that generalization error of classifiers can be obtained by explicitly taking the margin distribution of the training data into account. Most of the current boosting algorithms in practice usually optimizes a convex loss function and do not make use of the margin distribution. In this work we design a new boosting algorithm, termed margin-distribution boosting (MDBoost), which directly maximizes the average margin and minimizes the margin variance simultaneously. This way the margin distribution is optimized. A totally-corrective optimization algorithm based on column generation is proposed to implement MDBoost. Experiments on UCI datasets show that MDBoost outperforms AdaBoost and LPBoost in most cases.

preprint2010arXiv

LACBoost and FisherBoost: Optimally Building Cascade Classifiers

Object detection is one of the key tasks in computer vision. The cascade framework of Viola and Jones has become the de facto standard. A classifier in each node of the cascade is required to achieve extremely high detection rates, instead of low overall classification error. Although there are a few reported methods addressing this requirement in the context of object detection, there is no a principled feature selection method that explicitly takes into account this asymmetric node learning objective. We provide such a boosting algorithm in this work. It is inspired by the linear asymmetric classifier (LAC) of Wu et al. in that our boosting algorithm optimizes a similar cost function. The new totally-corrective boosting algorithm is implemented by the column generation technique in convex optimization. Experimental results on face detection suggest that our proposed boosting algorithms can improve the state-of-the-art methods in detection performance.

preprint2010arXiv

Real-time Visual Tracking Using Sparse Representation

The $\ell_1$ tracker obtains robustness by seeking a sparse representation of the tracking object via $\ell_1$ norm minimization \cite{Xue_ICCV_09_Track}. However, the high computational complexity involved in the $ \ell_1 $ tracker restricts its further applications in real time processing scenario. Hence we propose a Real Time Compressed Sensing Tracking (RTCST) by exploiting the signal recovery power of Compressed Sensing (CS). Dimensionality reduction and a customized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm are adopted to accelerate the CS tracking. As a result, our algorithm achieves a real-time speed that is up to $6,000$ times faster than that of the $\ell_1$ tracker. Meanwhile, RTCST still produces competitive (sometimes even superior) tracking accuracy comparing to the existing $\ell_1$ tracker. Furthermore, for a stationary camera, a further refined tracker is designed by integrating a CS-based background model (CSBM). This CSBM-equipped tracker coined as RTCST-B, outperforms most state-of-the-arts with respect to both accuracy and robustness. Finally, our experimental results on various video sequences, which are verified by a new metric---Tracking Success Probability (TSP), show the excellence of the proposed algorithms.