Researcher profile

Hailiang Zhao

Hailiang Zhao contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

5 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Industrial Data-Service-Knowledge Governance: Toward Integrated and Trusted Intelligence for Industry 5.0

The convergence of artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, and cross-enterprise data ecosystems has propelled industrial intelligence to unprecedented scales. Yet, the absence of a unified trust foundation across data, services, and knowledge layers undermines reliability, accountability, and regulatory compliance in real-world deployments. While existing surveys address isolated aspects, such as data governance, service orchestration, and knowledge representation, none provides a holistic, cross-layer perspective on trustworthiness tailored to industrial settings. To bridge this gap, we present \textsc{Trisk} (TRusted Industrial Data-Service-Knowledge governance), a novel conceptual and taxonomic framework for trustworthy industrial intelligence. Grounded in a five-dimensional trust model (quality, security, privacy, fairness, and explainability), \textsc{Trisk} unifies 120+ representative studies along three orthogonal axes: governance scope (data, service, and knowledge), architectural paradigm (centralized, federated, or edge-embedded), and enabling technology (knowledge graphs, zero-trust policies, causal inference, etc.). We systematically analyze how trust propagates across digital layers, identify critical gaps in semantic interoperability, runtime policy enforcement, and operational/information technologies alignment, and evaluate the maturity of current industrial implementations. Finally, we articulate a forward-looking research agenda for Industry 5.0, advocating for an integrated governance fabric that embeds verifiable trust semantics into every layer of the industrial intelligence stack. This survey serves as both a foundational reference for researchers and a practical roadmap for engineers to deploy trustworthy AI in complex and multi-stakeholder environments.

preprint2026arXiv

When Does Hierarchy Help? Benchmarking Agent Coordination in Event-Driven Industrial Scheduling

Recent advances in agent and multi-agent systems have shown strong performance on tool use, reasoning, and collaborative tasks. However, existing benchmarks mostly evaluate task completion in weakly coupled environments, and provide limited support for studying coordination in shared, dynamically evolving systems with hierarchy and coupled constraints. This leaves an important question underexplored: when do different coordination paradigms succeed or fail? We introduce Distributed Event-driven Scheduling Benchmark (DESBench), a benchmark for evaluating agent coordination in hierarchical event-driven scheduling. Built on a shared discrete-event driven environment in industrial scheduling, our benchmark captures multi-timescale decision making, partial observability, and dynamically coupled constraints. We define tasks and metrics that evaluate effectiveness, constraint alignment, coordination efficiency, and robustness, and focus on four representative coordination paradigms: centralized, hierarchical, heterarchical, and holonic. These paradigms correspond to distinct mechanisms of information flow, decision authority, and conflict resolution. Our controlled evaluations reveal clear coordination trade-offs: centralized coordination is robust and communication-efficient but scales poorly with difficulty; hierarchical coordination improves efficiency through decomposition but suffers from cross-level misalignment; heterarchical coordination is flexible but communication-heavy; and holonic coordination satisfies constraints well but loses global robustness. These findings demonstrate that coordination design fundamentally shapes agent system behavior in complex environments, revealing structural trade-offs that cannot be captured by outcome metrics alone and underscoring the imperative for more adaptive, principled, and dynamic coordination mechanisms in future MAS research.

preprint2022arXiv

Theoretically Guaranteed Online Workload Dispatching for Deadline-Aware Multi-Server Jobs

Multi-server jobs are imperative in modern computing clusters. A multi-server job has multiple task components and each of the task components is responsible for processing a specific size of workloads. Efficient online workload dispatching is crucial but challenging to co-located heterogeneous multi-server jobs. The dispatching policy should decide $(i)$ where to launch each task component instance of the arrived jobs and $(ii)$ the size of workloads that each task component processes. Existing policies are explicit and effective when facing service locality and resource contention in both offline and online settings. However, when adding the deadline-aware constraint, the theoretical superiority of these policies could not be guaranteed. To fill the theoretical gap, in this paper, we design an $α$-competitive online workload dispatching policy for deadline-aware multi-server jobs based on the spatio-temporal resource mesh model. We formulate the problem as a social welfare maximization program and solve it online with several well designed pseudo functions. The social welfare is formulated as the sum of the utilities of jobs and the utility of the computing cluster. The proposed policy is rigorously proved to be $α$-competitive for some $α\geq 2$. We also validate the theoretical superiority of it with simulations and the results show that it distinctly outperforms two handcrafted baseline policies on the social welfare.

preprint2020arXiv

Distributed Redundant Placement for Microservice-based Applications at the Edge

Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is booming as a promising paradigm to push the computation and communication resources from cloud to the network edge to provide services and to perform computations. With container technologies, mobile devices with small memory footprint can run composite microservice-based applications without time-consuming backbone. Service placement at the edge is of importance to put MEC from theory into practice. However, current state-of-the-art research does not sufficiently take the composite property of services into consideration. Besides, although Kubernetes has certain abilities to heal container failures, high availability cannot be ensured due to heterogeneity and variability of edge sites. To deal with these problems, we propose a distributed redundant placement framework SAA-RP and a GA-based Server Selection (GASS) algorithm for microservice-based applications with sequential combinatorial structure. We formulate a stochastic optimization problem with the uncertainty of microservice request considered, and then decide for each microservice, how it should be deployed and with how many instances as well as on which edge sites to place them. Benchmark policies are implemented in two scenarios, where redundancy is allowed and not, respectively. Numerical results based on a real-world dataset verify that GASS significantly outperforms all the benchmark policies.

preprint2020arXiv

Edge Intelligence: The Confluence of Edge Computing and Artificial Intelligence

Along with the rapid developments in communication technologies and the surge in the use of mobile devices, a brand-new computation paradigm, Edge Computing, is surging in popularity. Meanwhile, Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are thriving with the breakthroughs in deep learning and the many improvements in hardware architectures. Billions of data bytes, generated at the network edge, put massive demands on data processing and structural optimization. Thus, there exists a strong demand to integrate Edge Computing and AI, which gives birth to Edge Intelligence. In this paper, we divide Edge Intelligence into AI for edge (Intelligence-enabled Edge Computing) and AI on edge (Artificial Intelligence on Edge). The former focuses on providing more optimal solutions to key problems in Edge Computing with the help of popular and effective AI technologies while the latter studies how to carry out the entire process of building AI models, i.e., model training and inference, on the edge. This paper provides insights into this new inter-disciplinary field from a broader perspective. It discusses the core concepts and the research road-map, which should provide the necessary background for potential future research initiatives in Edge Intelligence.