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Adi Salomon

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physics.optics cond-mat.mes-hall Quantitative Methods cond-mat.mtrl-sci

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preprint2026arXiv

Label-Free Microrefractometry of Interfacial Processes Using Fluorescent Smart Coverslips

Molecular dipoles near interfaces emit highly directional radiation due to near-field interactions, making surface-bound fluorophores sensitive probes of local physicochemical changes. We introduce smart coverslips, stably coated with uniform, brightly fluorescent nanobead films, that exploit refractive-index-dependent emission shifts for sensitive micro-refractometry in small volumes. Supercritical-angle fluorescence refractometry uses single back-focal-plane images to allow us real-time RI sensing and nanometric thin-film height measurements without the need for multi-angle or multi-wavelength acquisition. Our fast, label-free, and non-invasive approach allows measurements of thin-film properties and monitoring of interfacial dynamics on a standard inverted microscope and is broadly applicable to nanobiophotonics, chemical sensing, and in-situ materials analysis.

preprint2026arXiv

Universal Nano-Bead Emitter Inks for Programmable Nanometric Fluorescent Architectures

Fabricating brightly fluorescent layers with nanometric thickness and digitally controlled lateral structuration remains a challenge for next-generation photonic devices, optical calibration standards, and biocompatible interfaces. Here, we introduce Nano-Bead Emitters (NBEs), hydrogel nanoparticles covalently functionalized with fluorophores, as a universal, water-processable ink platform for fabricating programmable nanometric fluorescent architectures. By immobilizing fluorophores within a charged nanohydrogel scaffold, the platform entirely decouples film morphology from dye solubility. This molecule-independent strategy enables spectrally distinct, inherently water-insoluble dyes to be processed using a single, standardized aqueous ink formulation. Combined with laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) printing, this additive approach yields highly uniform fluorescent layers (~7 nm thickness, sub-nanometric roughness). This structural invariance produces complex multicolor patterns sharing identical thickness and surface morphology across all spectral channels, a critical requirement for quantitative optical calibration. Furthermore, LIFT printing provides programmable, layer-by-layer control over fluorescence intensity via successive deposition cycles, yielding precisely tunable brightness without aggregation-caused quenching. This maskless technique enables rapid, high-fidelity printing of both monochromatic and multicolor patterns over macroscopic areas with absolute spatial resolution. Finally, these universally compatible NBE inks stably deposit onto diverse substrates (glass, polymers, semiconductors, metasurfaces), effectively bridging scalable manufacturing with high-performance integrated photonic systems.

preprint2020arXiv

Supercritical angle microscopy and spectroscopy

Fluorescence detection, either involving propagating or near-field emission, is widely being used in spectroscopy, sensing and microscopy. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) confines fluorescence excitation by an evanescent (near-) field and it is a popular contrast generator for surface-selective fluorescence assays. Its emission equivalent, supercritical angle fluorescence (SAF) is comparably less established although it achieves a similar optical sectioning as does TIRF. SAF emerges when a fluorescing molecule is located very close to an interface and its near-field emission couples to the higher-refractive index medium (n2 > n1) and becomes propagative. Then, most fluorescence is detectable on the side of the higher-index substrate and a large fraction of this fluorescence is emitted into angles forbidden by Snell's law. SAF as well as the undercritical angle fluorescence (UAF) (far-field emission) components can be collected with microscope objectives having a high-enough detection aperture NA > n2 and be separated in the back-focal plane (BFP) by Fourier filtering. The BFP image encodes information about the fluorophore radiation pattern, and it can be analysed to yield precise information about the refractive index in which the emitters are embedded, their nanometric distance from the interface and their orientation. A SAF microscope can retrieve this near-field information through wide-field optics in a spatially resolved manner, and this functionality can be added to any existing inverted microscope.

preprint2014arXiv

Long Range Coupling between Metallic Nanocavities

When two or more metallic nanoparticles are in close proximity, their plasmonic modes may interact through the near field, leading to additional resonances of the coupled system or to shifts of their resonant frequencies. This process is analogous to atom-hybridization, as had been proposed by Gersten and Nitzan and modeled by Nordlander et al. The coupling between plasmonic modes can be in-phase (symmetric) or out-of-phase (anti-symmetric), reflecting correspondingly, the "bonding" and "anti-bonding" nature of such configurations. Since the incoming light redistributes the charge distribution around the metallic nanoparticles, its polarization features play a major role in the nonlinear optical probing of the energy-level landscape upon hybridization. Thus, controlling the nature of coupling between metallic nanostructures is of a great importance as it enables tuning their spectral responses leading to novel devices which may surpass the diffraction limit.

preprint2013arXiv

From individual to strongly coupled metallic nanocavities

Localized plasmonic modes of metallic nanoparticles may hybridize like those of atoms forming a molecule. However, the rapid decay of the plasmonic fields outside the metal severely limits the range of these interactions to tens of nanometers. Herein, we demonstrate very strong coupling of nanocavities in metal films, sparked by propagating surface plasmons and evident even at much larger distances of hundreds of nanometers for the properly selected metal/wavelength combination. Such strong coupling drastically changes the symmetry of the charge distribution around the nanocavities making it amenable to probing by the nonlinear optical response of the medium. We show that when strongly coupled, equilateral triangular nanocavities lose their individual three-fold symmetry to adopt the lower symmetry of the coupled system and then respond like a single dipolar entity. A quantitative model is suggested for the transition from individual to strongly coupled nanocavities.

preprint2013arXiv

Ultrafast Energy Transfer Between Molecular Assemblies and Surface Plasmons in the Strong Coupling Regime

The nonlinear optical dynamics of nano-materials comprised of plasmons interacting with quantum emitters is investigated by a self-consistent model based on the coupled Maxwell-Liouville-von Neumann equations. It is shown that ultra-short resonant laser pulses significantly modify the optical properties of such hybrid systems. It is further demonstrated that the energy transfer between interacting molecules and plasmons occurs on a femtosecond time scale and can be controlled with both material and laser parameters.

preprint2012arXiv

Collective Plasmonic-Molecular Modes in the Strong Coupling Regime

We demonstrate strong coupling between molecular excited states and surface plasmon modes of a slit array in a thin metal film. The coupling manifests itself as an anti-crossing behavior of the two newly formed polaritons. As the coupling strength grows, a new mode emerges, which is attributed to long range molecular interactions mediated by the plasmonic field. The new, molecular-like mode repels the polariton states, and leads to an opening of energy gaps both below and above the asymptotic free molecule energy.

preprint2012arXiv

Shape and Size Resonances in Second Harmonic Generation from Plasmonic Nano-Cavities

The nonlinear response of sub wavelength nano-cavities in thin metal films is investigated. We report the resonant dependence of the Second Harmonic Generation by individual triangular and square holes on shape, size and wavelength. For cavities with internal nano-corrugations, giant field enhancements are observed, making them excellent candidates for high sensitivity spectroscopy.

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