X-ray reverberation in NLS1

Reverberation from scattering material around the black hole in active galactic nuclei is expected to produce a characteristic signature in a Fourier analysis of the time delays between directly-viewed continuum emission and the scattered light. Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1) are highly variable at X-ray energies, and are ideal candidates for the detection of X-ray reverberation. We show new analysis of a small sample of NLS1 that clearly shows the expected time-delay signature, providing strong evidence for the existence of a high covering fraction of scattering and absorbing material a few tens to hundreds of gravitational radii from the black hole. We also show that an alternative interpretation of time delays in the NLS1 1H0707-495, as arising about one gravitational radius from the black hole, is strongly disfavoured in an analysis of the energy-dependence of the time delays.

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