Paper detail

Why radio quiet quasars are preferred over radio loud quasars regardless of environment and redshift

Evidence has accumulated suggesting the clustering of radio loud quasars is greater than for radio quiet quasars. We interpret these results in a context in which the fraction of radio loud quasar formation is less than or equal to that for radio quiet quasars for all environments and redshift. Because we assume that post-merger cold gas onto large black holes produces either a radio loud or a radio quiet quasar, we show that for largest black hole masses that live in largest dark matter halos, fRLQ approaches 0.5 from below but does not exceed it, such that in rich clusters the formation of a radio loud quasar tends to be equally likely to occur as a radio quiet quasar. In dark matter halos with smaller mass, by contrast, radio quiet quasars are more likely to form and the likelihood increases inversely with dark matter halo mass. As a result, averaging over a population of radio loud and radio quiet quasars will necessarily generate lower average black hole masses for the radio quiet subgroup. Hence, despite the fact that the formation of radio quiet quasars is preferred over radio loud quasars in any environment, at any mass scale, at any luminosity, or redshift, averaging over a range of radio loud quasars will give the appearance they are preferred in cluster environments over radio quiet quasars. We show how this also accounts for the order of magnitude difference in the total number of jetted active galaxies compared to non-jetted counterparts.