Paper detail

When QCD strings can break

The confining string in presence of dynamical quarks can behave in different ways, depending on the quark masses and on the number N_f N_c of charge species. For light masses and large N_f N_c the creation of quark pairs produces microscopic holes in the world- sheet swept by the string; as a consequence string breaking is invisible in the Wilson loop, while is manifest in operators composed of disjoint sources, as observed in many numerical experiments. Similar arguments apply also to the adjoint string breaking. For larger quark masses it is possible that the string world-sheet undergoes a transition to a tearing phase, characterized by macroscopic holes, which manifest themselves through a visible string breaking effect also in the Wilson loop, as observed in 2+1 D SU(2) gauge theory with two flavors.