Warped vacuum energy by black holes

The belief still persists, at least for an important part of the community, that in general relativity the cosmological constant $Λ$ must remain immaculate. However, Bianchi identities show that $Λ$ could acquire local properties in the presence of matter, i.e., $Λ\rightarrow\,Λ(x^μ)$. In this paper we go even further, and we show that a non-uniform vacuum energy does not even require coexistence with any additional form of matter-energy, nor of any theory beyond general relativity, at least for extreme environments, such as the proximity of a black hole.

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