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Viscosity in cosmic fluids

The effective theory of large-scale structure formation based on $Λ$CDM paradigm predicts finite dissipative effects in the resulting fluid equations. In this work, we study how viscous effect that could arise if one includes self-interaction among the dark-matter particles combines with the effective theory. It is shown that these two possible sources of dissipation can operate together in a cosmic fluid and the interplay between them can play an important role in determining dynamics of the cosmic fluid. In particular, we demonstrate that the viscosity coefficient due to self-interaction is added inversely with the viscosity calculated using effective theory of $Λ$CDM model. Thus the larger viscosity has less significant contribution in the effective viscosity. Using the known bounds on $\,σ/m$ for self-interacting dark-matter, where $\,σ\,$ and $m$ are the cross-section and mass of the dark-matter particles respectively, we discuss role of the effective viscosity in various cosmological scenarios.