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Virialization-induced curvature versus dark energy

The concordance model is successful in explaining numerous observable phenomena at the price of introducing an exotic source of unknown origin: dark energy. Dark energy dominance occurs at recent epochs, when we expect most cosmological structures to have already formed, and thus, when the error induced by forcing the homogeneous FLRW metric onto the data is expected to be the most significant. We propose a way to quantify the impact of deviations from homogeneity on the evolution of cosmological parameters. Using a multi-scale partitioning approach and the virialization fraction estimated from numerical simulations in an Einstein-de Sitter model, we obtain an observationally realistic distance modulus over redshifts 0 < z < 3 by a relativistic correction of the FLRW metric.