Paper detail

Verifying the upper bound on the speed of scrambling with the analogue Hawking radiation of trapped ions

A general bound on the Lyapunov exponent of a quantum system is given by $λ_L\leq2π\,T/\hbar$, where $T$ is the system temperature, as established by Maldacena, Shenker, and Stanford (MSS). This upper bound is saturated when the system under consideration is the exact holographic dual of a black hole. It has also been shown that an inverted harmonic oscillator (IHO) may exhibit the behavior of thermal energy emission, in close analogy to the Hawking radiation emitted by black holes. We demonstrate that the Lyapunov exponent of the IHO indeed saturates the MSS bound, with an effective temperature equal to the analogue black hole radiation temperature, and propose using a trapped ion as a physical implementation of the IHO. We derive the corresponding out-of-time-ordered correlation function (OTOC) diagnosing quantum chaos, and theoretically show, for an experimentally realizable setup, that the effective temperature of the trapped-ion-IHO matches the upper MSS bound for the speed of scrambling.