Unstable synthetic deformations II: Infinitesimal extensions

preprint2026arXivOpen access

Abstract

This paper is the second in a series devoted to the study of unstable synthetic deformations through the lens of Malcev theories: certain ∞\infty-categorical algebraic theories P\mathcal{P} with well-behaved ∞\infty-categories ModelP\mathrm{Model}_{\mathcal{P}} of models. In this paper, we show that Malcev theories and their models admit a well-behaved deformation theory, generalizing the classical deformation theory of rings and modules. As our main example, we prove that the Postnikov tower of a Malcev theory P\mathcal{P} is a tower of square-zero extensions, and that all of this structure is preserved by passage to ∞\infty-categories of models. This allows us to control the difference between the ∞\infty-categories Modelhn+rP\mathrm{Model}_{h_{n+r}\mathcal{P}} and ModelhnP\mathrm{Model}_{h_n\mathcal{P}} for r≤nr \leq n, and forms the basis of a ``cofibre of ττ'' formalism in our approach to unstable synthetic homotopy theory. As an application, we derive from this a variety of new Blanc--Dwyer--Goerss style decompositions of moduli spaces of lifts along the tower ModelP→⋯→ModelhP\mathrm{Model}_{\mathcal{P}}\to\cdots\to\mathrm{Model}_{h\mathcal{P}}.

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