Universal behavior of optimal paths in weighted networks with general disorder

We study the statistics of the optimal path in both random and scale free networks, where weights $w$ are taken from a general distribution $P(w)$. We find that different types of disorder lead to the same universal behavior. Specifically, we find that a single parameter ($S \equiv AL^{-1/ν}$ for $d$-dimensional lattices, and $S\equiv AN^{-1/3}$ for random networks) determines the distributions of the optimal path length, including both strong and weak disorder regimes. Here $ν$ is the percolation connectivity exponent, and $A$ depends on the percolation threshold and $P(w)$. For $P(w)$ uniform, Poisson or Gaussian the crossover from weak to strong does not occur, and only weak disorder exists.

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