Uncanny subsequence selections that generate normal numbers

preprint2016arXivOpen access

Abstract

Given a real number 0.a1a2a3…0.a_1a_2 a_3\dots that is normal to base bb, we examine increasing sequences nin_i so that the number 0.an1an2an3…0.a_{n_1}a_{n_2}a_{n_3}\dots are normal to base bb. Classically it is known that if the nin_i form an arithmetic progression then this will work. We give several more constructions, including nin_i that are recursively defined based on the digits aia_i. Of particular interest, we show that if a number is normal to base bb, then removing all the digits from its expansion which equal (b−1)(b-1) leaves a base-(b−1)(b-1) expansion that is normal to base (b−1)(b-1).

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