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Una revisión a la teoría básica del CMB (A review of the basic theory of CMB)

Spanish: La Cosmología esta progresando a pasos agigantados gracias a la cantidad espectacular de datos observacionales que se obtienen tanto de los experimentos en tierra como satélites. Un papel fundamental es desempeñdo por las observaciones del Fondo Cósmico de Microondas (CMB por sus siglas en inglé, Cosmic Microwave Background), la cual nos proporciona la prueba observacional más directa de los inicios del Universo. Las observaciones de la temperatura y las anisotropías en el CMB han jugado un papel fundamental en la definición del modelo cosmológico. Esta contribución tiene como objetivo resumir algunos de los conceptos básicos que hay detrás de la física del CMB. La mayor parte de los ingredientes del modelo cosmológico estándar son poco conocidos en términos de la física fundamental, por efemplo, la materia oscura y la energía oscura. Se discute cómo las observaciones actuales abordan algunas de estas cuestiones. English: The cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides the most direct observational test of the early universe. The observations of the temperature anisotropies in the CMB have played a key role in defining the cosmological model. This contribution aims to summarize some of the basic concepts behind the physics of the CMB. Most of the ingredients of the standard cosmological model are poorly understood in terms of fundamental physics, for instance, dark matter and dark energy. We discuss how current observations addressed some of these issues.

preprint2014arXivOpen access

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