Two continua of embedded regenerative sets

preprint2020arXivOpen access

Abstract

Given a two-sided real-valued Lévy process (Xt)t∈R(X_t)_{t \in \mathbb{R}}, define processes (Lt)t∈R(L_t)_{t \in \mathbb{R}} and (Mt)t∈R(M_t)_{t \in \mathbb{R}} by Lt:=sup⁡{h∈R:h−α(t−s)≤Xs for all s≤t}=inf⁡{Xs+α(t−s):s≤t}L_t := \sup\{h \in \mathbb{R} : h - α(t-s) \le X_s \text{ for all } s \le t\} = \inf\{X_s + α(t-s) : s \le t\}, t∈Rt \in \mathbb{R}, and Mt:=sup⁡{h∈R:h−α∣t−s∣≤Xs for all s∈R}=inf⁡{Xs+α∣t−s∣:s∈R}M_t := \sup \{ h \in \mathbb{R} : h - α|t-s| \leq X_s \text{ for all } s \in \mathbb{R} \} = \inf \{X_s + α|t-s| : s \in \mathbb{R}\}, t∈Rt \in \mathbb{R}. The corresponding contact sets are the random sets Hα:={t∈R:Xt∧Xt−=Lt}\mathcal{H}_α:= \{ t \in \mathbb{R} : X_{t}\wedge X_{t-} = L_t\} and Zα:={t∈R:Xt∧Xt−=Mt}\mathcal{Z}_α:= \{ t \in \mathbb{R} : X_{t}\wedge X_{t-} = M_t\}. For a fixed α>E[X1]α>\mathbb{E}[X_1] (resp. α>∣E[X1]∣α>|\mathbb{E}[X_1]|) the set Hα\mathcal{H}_α (resp. Zα\mathcal{Z}_α) is non-empty, closed, unbounded above and below, stationary, and regenerative. The collections (Hα)α>E[X1](\mathcal{H}_α)_{α> \mathbb{E}[X_1]} and (Zα)α>∣E[X1]∣(\mathcal{Z}_α)_{α> |\mathbb{E}[X_1]|} are increasing in αα and the regeneration property is compatible with these inclusions in that each family is a continuum of embedded regenerative sets in the sense of Bertoin. We show that (sup⁡{t<0:t∈Hα})α>E[X1](\sup\{t < 0 : t \in \mathcal{H}_α\})_{α> \mathbb{E}[X_1]} is a càdlàg, nondecreasing, pure jump process with independent increments and determine the intensity measure of the associated Poisson process of jumps. We obtain a similar result for (sup⁡{t<0:t∈Zα})α>∣β∣(\sup\{t < 0 : t \in \mathcal{Z}_α\})_{α> |β|} when (Xt)t∈R(X_t)_{t \in \mathbb{R}} is a (two-sided) Brownian motion with drift ββ.

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