Tree-level electron-photon interactions in graphene

Graphene's low-energy electronic excitations obey a 2+1 dimensional Dirac Hamiltonian. After extending this Hamiltonian to include interactions with a quantized electromagnetic field, we calculate the amplitude associated with the simplest, tree-level Feynman diagram: the vertex connecting a photon with two electrons. This amplitude leads to analytic expressions for the 3D angular dependence of photon emission, the photon-mediated electron-hole recombination rate, and corrections to graphene's opacity $πα$ and dynamic conductivity $πe^2/2 h$ for situations away from thermal equilibrium, as would occur in a graphene laser. We find that Ohmic dissipation in perfect graphene can be attributed to spontaneous emission.

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