Paper detail

Toward a fast and consistent approach to model solar magnetic fields in multiple layers

Aims. We aim to develop a fast and consistent extrapolation method to model multiple layers of the solar atmosphere. Methods. The new approach combines the magnetohydrostatic (MHS) extrapolation which models the solar low atmosphere in a flat box and the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation which models the solar corona with a chromospheric vector magnetogram deduced from the MHS extrapolation. We test our code with a snapshot of a radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a solar flare. Comparisons are conducted by several metrics quantitatively. Results. Based on a number of test runs, we find out the optimized configuration for the combination of two extrapolations with a 5.8-Mm-high box for the MHS extrapolation and a magnetogram at a height of 1 Mm for the NLFFF extrapolation. The new approach under this configuration is able to reconstruct the magnetic fields in multi-layers accurately and efficiently. Based on figures of merit that are used to assess the performance of different extrapolations (NLFFF extrapolation, MHS extrapolation, and the combined one), we find the combined extrapolation reaches accuracy of the MHS extrapolation which is better than the NLFFF extrapolation. The combined extrapolation is moderately efficient for application to magnetograms with high resolution.