Topology and chromatic number of random $ε$-distance graphs on spheres

Given $0<α\leqπ$, $ε>0$ and $n$, we define random graphs on the $d$-dimensional sphere by drawing $n$ i.i.d. uniform random points for the vertices, and edges $u {\sim} v$ whenever the geodesic distance between $u$ and $v$ is $ε$-close to $α$. This model generalizes distance graphs on spheres, and also random Borsuk graphs. Topological tools are known to give tight bounds for the chromatic number of Borsuk graphs. We now study the efficiency of one of these topological invariants, namely the connectivity of Lóvasz's neighborhood complex, to bound the chromatic number of this model of random graphs. We show that, in general, this bound performs badly, however, it still produces some useful bounds in dimensions $d=1$ and 2.

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