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Third virial coefficient of the unitary Bose gas

By unitary Bose gas we mean a system composed of spinless bosons with s-wave interaction of infinite scattering length and almost negligible (real or effective) range. Experiments are currently trying to realize it with cold atoms. From the analytic solution of the three-body problem in a harmonic potential, and using methods previously developed for fermions, we determine the third cumulant (or cluster integral) b_3 and the third virial coefficient a_3 of this gas, in the spatially homogeneous case, as a function of its temperature and the three-body parameter R_t characterizing the Efimov effect. A key point is that, converting series into integrals (by an inverse residue method), and using an unexpected small parameter (the three-boson mass angle nu=pi/6), one can push the full analytical estimate of b_3 and a_3 up to an error that is in practice negligible. ----- Nous entendons par gaz de Bose unitaire un systeme compose de bosons sans spin interagissant dans l'onde s par un potentiel de longueur de diffusion infinie et de portee (reelle ou effective) presque negligeable, systeme pour l'instant abstrait mais dont la tentative de realisation avec des atomes froids est en cours. A partir de la solution analytique connue du probleme a trois corps dans un piege harmonique, et de methodes precedemment developpees pour des fermions, nous determinons le troisieme cumulant b_3, puis le troisieme coefficient du viriel a_3 de ce gaz, dans le cas spatialement homogene, en fonction de sa temperature et du parametre a trois corps R_t caracterisant l'effet Efimov. Un point marquant est qu'en convertissant des series en des integrales (par une methode des residus inverse), puis en utilisant un petit parametre inattendu, l'angle de masse nu=pi/6 des trois bosons, on peut pousser l'estimation completement analytique de b_3 et de a_3 jusqu'a une erreur en pratique negligeable.

preprint2013arXivOpen access

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