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Thermodynamic evidence for the Bose glass transition in twinned YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ crystals

We used a micromechanical torsional oscillator to measure the magnetic response of a twinned YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ single crystal disk near the Bose glass transition. We observe an anomaly in the temperature dependence of the magnetization consistent with the appearance of a magnetic shielding perpendicular to the correlated pinning of the twin boundaries. This effect is related to the thermodynamic transition from the vortex liquid phase to a Bose glass state.