Thermal Ground State in Yang-Mills Thermodynamics

We derive an a useful priori estimate for the thermal ground state of deconfining phase of SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics in four-dimensional, flat spacetime and discuss its implications. Upon a selfconsistent spatial coarse-graining over noninteracting, trivial-holonomy (BPS saturated) (anti)calorons of unit topological charge modulus an inert, adjoint scalar field $|ϕ|$ and an effective pure-gauge configuration $a_μ^{gs}$ emerge. The modulus $|ϕ|>0$ defines the maximal resolution in the coarse-grained theory and induces dynamical gauge-symmetry breaking. Thanks to perturbative renormalizability and the fact that |phi| can not absorb or emit energy-momentum the effective action is local and simple. The temperature dependence of the effective coupling is a consequence of thermodynamical consistency and describes the Coulomb screening of a static test charge due to short-lived monopole-antimonopole pairs. The latter occur unresolvably as small-holonomy excitations of (anti)calorons by the absorption of propagating fundamental gauge fields.

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