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Theoretical aspects of Chiral Dynamics

Many of the quantities of interest at the precision frontier in particle physics require a good understanding of the strong interaction at low energies. The present talk reviews the theoretical framework used in this context. In particular, I draw attention to the fact that applications of effective field theory methods in the low energy domain involve two different aspects: dependence of the quantities of interest on the quark masses and dependence on the momenta. While the lattice approach gives an excellent handle on the low energy constants that govern the quark mass dependence, the most efficient tool to pin down the momentum dependence is dispersion theory. At the same time, the dispersive analysis enlarges the energy range where the effective theory applies. In the meson sector, the interplay of the various sources of information has led to a coherent framework that describes the low energy structure at remarkably high resolution. The understanding of the low energy properties in the baryon sector is less well developed. There is significant progress in the dispersive analysis of $πN$ scattering, for example, but it leads to puzzling conclusions concerning the pattern of SU(3) symmetry breaking in the baryon octet, which yet remain to be understood. Finally, I critically examine recent papers dealing with the Cottingham formula for the electromagnetic contribution to the mass difference between proton and neutron.