The utilization of total mass to determine the switching points in the symmetric boundary control of a diffusion problem

The authors study the problem $u_t=u_{xx},\ 0<x<1,\ t>0; \ u(x,0)=0,$ and $u(0,t)=u(1,t)=ψ(t),$ where $ψ(t)=u_0$ for $t_{2k} < t<t_{2k+1}$ and $ψ(t)=0$ for $t_{2k+1} <t<t_{2k+2},\ k=0,1,2,\ldots$ with $t_0=0$ and the sequence $t_{k}$ is determined by the equations $\int_0^1 u(x,t_k)dx = M,$ for $k=1,3,5,\dots,$ and $\int_0^1 u(x,t_k)dx = m,$ for $k=2,4,6,\dots$ and where $0<m<M<u_0$. Note that the switching points $t_k,\quad k=1,2,3,\ldots$ are unknown. Existence and uniqueness are demonstrated. Theoretical estimates of the $t_k$ and $t_{k+1}-t_k$ are obtained and numerical verifications of the estimates are presented.

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