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The Statistical Mechanics of the (2+1)-Dimensional Black Hole

The presence of a horizon breaks the gauge invariance of (2+1)-dimensional general relativity, leading to the appearance of new physical states at the horizon. I show that the entropy of the (2+1)-dimensional black hole can be obtained as the logarithm of the number of these microscopic states.

preprint1994arXivOpen access
S. Carlip
gr-qchep-th
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