The modification of the Bel-Robinson type energy-momentum

preprint2014arXivOpen access

Abstract

For describing the non-negative gravitational energy-momentum in terms of a pure Bel-Robinson type energy-momentum in a quasi-local 2-surface, both the Bel-Robinson tensor BB and tensor VV are suitable. We have found that this Bel-Robinson type energy-momentum can be modified such that it satisfies the Lorentz covariant, future pointing and non-spacelike properties. We find that these particular quasi-local energy-momentum properties can be obtained from (i): BB or VV plus a tensor SS in a small sphere limit, or (ii): directly evaluating the energy-momentum of BB or VV in a small ellipsoid region. (iii): calculate the total energy using the Landau-Lifshitz pseudotensor in a small ellipsoid, from Jupiter's tidal force to Io in Schwarzchild spacetime, in an elliptic orbit.

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