Paper detail

The First HeI*λ10830 BALQSO

We report the discovery of the first HeI*λ10830 broad absorption line quasar FBQS J1151+3822. Using new infrared and optical spectra, as well as the SDSS spectrum, we extracted the apparent optical depth profiles as a function of velocity of the 3889A and 10830A HeI* absorption lines. Since these lines have the same lower levels, inhomogeneous absorption models could be used to extract the average true HeI* column density; the log of that number was 14.9. The total hydrogen column density was obtained using Cloudy models. A range of ionization parameters and densities were allowed, with the lower limit on the ionization parameter of log U=-1.4 determined by the requirement that there be sufficient HeI*, and the upper limit on the density of log n=8 determined by the lack of Balmer absorption. Simulated UV spectra showed that the ionization parameter could be further constrained in principle using a combination of low and high ionization lines (such as MgII and PV), but the only density-sensitive line predicted to be observable and not significantly blended was CIIIλ1176. We estimated the outflow rate and kinetic energy, finding them to be consistent but on the high side compared with analysis of other objects. Assuming that radiative line driving is the responsible acceleration mechanism, a force multipler model was constructed. A dynamical argument using the model results strongly constrained the density to be log n >= ~7. Consequently, the log hydrogen column density is constrained to be between 21.7 and 22.9, the mass outflow rate to be between 11 and 56 solar masses per year, the ratio of the mass outflow rate to the accretion rate to be between 1.2 and 5.8, and the kinetic energy to be between 1 and 5 x 10^44 erg/s. We discuss the advantages of using HeI* to detect high-column-density BALQSOs and and measure their properties. (Abridged)