The Detailed Science Case for the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer: the Composition and Dynamics of the Faint Universe

preprint2016arXivOpen access
Alan McConnachieCarine BabusiauxMichael BaloghSimon DriverPat CôtéHelene CourtoisLuke DaviesLaura FerrareseSarah GallagherRodrigo IbataNicolas MartinAaron RobothamKim VennEva VillaverJo BovyAlessandro BoselliMatthew CollessJohan ComparatKelly DennyPierre-Alain DucSara EllisonRichard de GrijsMirian Fernandez-LorenzoKen FreemanRaja GuhathakurtaPatrick HallAndrew HopkinsMike HudsonAndrew JohnsonNick KaiserJun KodaIraklis KonstantopoulosGeorge KoshyKhee-Gan LeeAdi NusserAnna PancoastEric PengCeline PerouxPatrick PetitjeanChristophe PichonBianca PoggiantiCarlo SchmidPrajval ShastriYue ShenChris WillotScott CroomRosine LallementCarlo SchimdDan SmithMatthew WalkerJon WillisAlessandro Bosselli Matthew CollessAruna GoswamiMatt JarvisEric JulloJean-Paul KneibIraklis KonstantopoloulousJeff NewmanJohan RichardFiroza SutariaEdwar TaylorLudovic Van WaerbekeGiuseppina BattagliaPat HallMisha HaywoodCharli SakariArnaud SeibertSivarani ThirupathiYuting WangYiping WangFerdinand BabasSteve BaumanElisabetta CaffauMary Beth LaychakDavid CramptonDaniel DevostNicolas FlageyZhanwen HanClare HiggsVanessa HillKevin HoSidik IsaniShan MignotRick MurowinskiGajendra PandeyDerrick SalmonArnaud SiebertDoug SimonsElse StarkenburgKei SzetoBrent TullyTom VermeulenKanoa WithingtonNobuo ArimotoMartin AsplundHerve AusselMichele BannisterHarish BhattSS BhargaviJohn BlakesleeJoss Bland-HawthornJames BullockDenis BurgarellaTzu-Ching ChangAndrew ColeJeff CookeAndrew CooperPaola Di MatteoGinevra FavoleHector FloresBryan GaenslerPeter GarnavichKaroline GilbertRosa Gonzalez-DelgadoPuragra GuhaThakurtaGuenther HasingerFalk HerwigNarae HwangPascale JablonkaMatthew JarvisUmanath KamathLisa KewleyDamien Le BorgneGeraint LewisRobert LuptonSarah MartellMario MateoOlga MenaDavid NatafJeffrey NewmanEnrique PérezFrancisco PradaMathieu PuechAlejandra Recio-BlancoAnnie RobinWill SaundersDaniel SmithC. S. StalinCharling TaoKarun ThanjuvurLaurence TresseLudo van WaerbekeJian-Min WangDavid YongGongbo ZhaoPatrick BoisseJames BoltonPiercarlo BonifacioFrancois BouchyLen CowieKatia CunhaMagali DeleuilErnst de MooijPatrick DufourSebastien FoucaudKarl GlazebrookJohn HutchingsChiaki KobayashiRolf-Peter KudritzkiYang-Shyang LiLihwai LinYen-Ting LinMartin MaklerNorio NaritaChangbom ParkRyan RansomSwara RavindranathBacham Eswar ReddyMarcin SawickiLuc SimardRaghunathan SrianandThaisa Storchi-BergmannKeiichi UmetsuTing-Gui WangJong-Hak WooXue-Bing Wu

Abstract

MSE is an 11.25m aperture observatory with a 1.5 square degree field of view that will be fully dedicated to multi-object spectroscopy. More than 3200 fibres will feed spectrographs operating at low (R ~ 2000 - 3500) and moderate (R ~ 6000) spectral resolution, and approximately 1000 fibers will feed spectrographs operating at high (R ~ 40000) resolution. MSE is designed to enable transformational science in areas as diverse as tomographic mapping of the interstellar and intergalactic media; the in-situ chemical tagging of thick disk and halo stars; connecting galaxies to their large scale structure; measuring the mass functions of cold dark matter sub-halos in galaxy and cluster-scale hosts; reverberation mapping of supermassive black holes in quasars; next generation cosmological surveys using redshift space distortions and peculiar velocities. MSE is an essential follow-up facility to current and next generations of multi-wavelength imaging surveys, including LSST, Gaia, Euclid, WFIRST, PLATO, and the SKA, and is designed to complement and go beyond the science goals of other planned and current spectroscopic capabilities like VISTA/4MOST, WHT/WEAVE, AAT/HERMES and Subaru/PFS. It is an ideal feeder facility for E-ELT, TMT and GMT, and provides the missing link between wide field imaging and small field precision astronomy. MSE is optimized for high throughput, high signal-to-noise observations of the faintest sources in the Universe with high quality calibration and stability being ensured through the dedicated operational mode of the observatory. (abridged)

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