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The Bulge of M31

Bulges are not just elliptical subgalaxies situated in the centers of large spirals. It might seem that way from their ages and chemistry, but bulge kinematics have been known to be different since the first long slit spectra were obtained. M31 presents the best opportunity to investigate all the issues of the stellar populations of bulges. This review collects the array of probing data that has been accumulated in the last decade. But the intriguing question `how did it form like this ?' remains.

preprint2013arXivOpen access
Jeremy Mould
astro-ph.CO
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Jeremy Mould

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