Paper detail

The Bell states in noncommutative algebraic geometry

We introduce new mathematical aspects of the Bell states using matrix factorizations, nonnoetherian singularities, and noncommutative blowups. A matrix factorization of a polynomial $p$ consists of two matrices $ϕ_1,ϕ_2$ such that $ϕ_1ϕ_2 = ϕ_2ϕ_1 = p \operatorname{id}$. Using this notion, we show how the Bell states emerge from the separable product of two mixtures, by defining pure states over complex matrices rather than just the complex numbers. We then show in an idealized algebraic setting that pure states are supported on nonnoetherian singularities. Moreover, we find that the collapse of a Bell state is intimately related to the representation theory of the noncommutative blowup along its singular support. This presents an exchange in geometry: the nonlocal commutative spacetime of the entangled state emerges from an underlying local noncommutative spacetime.