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Temperature-induced emergence of Wigner correlations in a STM-probed one-dimensional quantum dot

The temperature-induced emergence of Wigner correlations over finite-size effects in a strongly interacting one-dimensional quantum dot are studied in the framework of the spin coherent Luttinger liquid. We demonstrate that, for temperatures comparable with the zero mode spin excitations, Friedel oscillations are suppressed by the thermal fluctuations of higher spin modes. On the other hand, the Wigner oscillations, sensitive to the charge mode only, are stable and become more visible. This behavior is proved to be robust both in the thermal electron density and in the linear conductance in the presence of an STM tip. This latter probe is not directly proportional to the electron density and may confirm the above phenomena with complementary and additional information.