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Superconducting Order Parameter in Bi-Layer Cuprates: Occurrence of $π$ Phase Shifts in Corner Junctions

We study the order parameter symmetry in bi-layer cuprates such as YBaCuO, where interesting $π$ phase shifts have been observed in Josephson junctions. Taking models which represent the measured spin fluctuation spectra of this cuprate, as well as more general models of Coulomb correlation effects, we classify the allowed symmetries and determine their associated physical properties. $π$ phase shifts are shown to be a general consequence of repulsive interactions, independent of whether a magnetic mechanism is operative. While it is known to occur in d-states, this behavior can also be associated with (orthorhombic) s-symmetry when the two sub-band gaps have opposite phase. Implications for the magnitude of $T_c$ are discussed.