Paper detail

Static Spherical Vacuum Solution to Bumblebee Gravity with Time-like VEVs

The static spherical vacuum solution in a bumblebee gravity model where the bumblebee field \(B_μ\) has a one-component time-like vacuum expectation value \(b_μ\) is studied. We show that in general curved space-time solutions are not allowed and only the Minkowski space-time exists. However, it is surprising that non-trivial solutions can be obtained so long as a unique condition for the vacuum expectation \(b^2\equiv -b^μb_μ=2/κ\), where \(κ=8πG\), is satisfied. We argue that naturally these solutions are not stable since quantum corrections would invalidate the likely numerical coincidence, unless there are some unknown \emph{fine-tuning} mechanisms preventing any deviation from this condition. Nevertheless, the naked singularities and the photon sphere of these novel but peculiar solutions are discussed, and we show that the extremal Reissner-Nordstr{ö}m solution is a limit of one of our solutions.