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Spatial structure and aggregation of carbon allotrope nanofillers in isotactic polypropylene composites studied by small-angle neutron scattering

We study the aggregation of carbon allotrope nanofillers in the matrix of isotactic polypropylene with direct small-angle neutron scattering measurements. With the ATSAS software, we analyzed the data and determined the fractal shape, dimension, and sizes of nanofiller aggregation in the bulk of isotactic polypropylene over the range of the scattering angles. We estimated the volume distributions and aggregation of different types of carbon nanofillers at different concentrations: nanographite, graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), binary fillers MWCNT/GNP and fullerenes. We reconstructed the shape of nanoscale aggregates of all nanofillers and found that the systems are polydisperse; nanofillers associate in the volume of iPP as fractal dense aggregates with rugged surface, their sizes exceeding original dimensions of nanofillers several times.