Sparsity of Hawking Radiation in $D+1$ Space-Time Dimensions Including Particle Masses

Hawking radiation from an evaporating black hole has often been compared to black body radiation. However, this comparison misses an important feature of Hawking radiation: Its low density of states. This can be captured in an easy to calculate, heuristic, and semi-analytic measure called "sparsity". In this letter we shall present both the concept of sparsities and its application to $D+1$-dimensional Tangherlini black holes and their evaporation. In particular, we shall also publish for the first time sparsity expressions taking into account in closed form effects of non-zero particle mass. We will also see how this comparatively simple method reproduces results of (massless) Hawking radiation in higher dimensions and how different spins contribute to the total radiation in this context.

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