Some results associated with Bernoulli and Euler numbers with applications

In this paper, we present series representations of the remainders in the expansions for $2/(e^t+1)$, $\mbox{sech} t$ and $\coth t$. For example, we prove that for $t > 0$ and $N\in\mathbb{N}:=\{1, 2, \ldots\}$, \[\mbox{sech}\, t=\sum_{j=0}^{N-1}\frac{E_{2j}}{(2j)!}t^{2j}+R_N(t) \] with $R_N(t)=\frac{(-1)^{N}2t^{2N}}{π^{2N-1}}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{k}}{(k+\frac{1}{2})^{2N-1}\Big(t^2+π^2(k+\frac{1}{2})^2\Big)},$ and \[\mbox{sech}\, t=\sum_{j=0}^{N-1}\frac{E_{2j}}{(2j)!}t^{2j}+Θ(t, N)\frac{E_{2N}}{(2N)!}t^{2N} \] with a suitable $0 < Θ(t, N) < 1$. Here $E_n$ are the Euler numbers. By using the obtained results, we deduce some inequalities and completely monotonic functions associated with the ratio of gamma functions. Furthermore, we give a (presumably new) quadratic recurrence relation for the Bernoulli numbers.

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