Sharp phase transition for the continuum Widom-Rowlinson model

The Widom-Rowlinson model (or the Area-interaction model) is a Gibbs point process in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with the formal Hamiltonian $H(ω)=\text{Volume}(\cup_{x\inω} B_1(x))$, where $ω$ is a locally finite configuration of points and $B_1(x)$ denotes the unit closed ball centred at $x$. The model is tuned by two parameters: the activity $z>0$ and the inverse temperature $β\ge 0$. We investigate the phase transition of the model in the point of view of percolation theory and the liquid-gas transition. First, considering the graph connecting points with distance smaller than $2r>0$, we show that for any $β>0$, there exists $0<\tilde{z}^a(β, r)<+\infty$ such that an exponential decay of connectivity at distance $n$ occurs in the subcritical phase and a linear lower bound of the connection at infinity holds in the supercritical case. Secondly we study a standard liquid-gas phase transition related to the uniqueness/non-uniqueness of Gibbs states depending on the parameters $z,β$. Old results claim that a non-uniqueness regime occurs for $z=β$ large enough and it is conjectured that the uniqueness should hold outside such an half line ($z=β\ge β_c>0$). We solve partially this conjecture by showing that for $β$ large enough the non-uniqueness holds if and only if $z=β$. We show also that this critical value $z=β$ corresponds to the percolation threshold $\tilde{z}^a(β, r)=β$ for $β$ large enough, providing a straight connection between these two notions of phase transition.

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