Sharkovskii order for non-wandering points

preprint2011arXivOpen access

Abstract

For a map f:I→If:I \rightarrow I, a point x∈Ix \in I is periodic with period p∈Np \in \mathbb{N} if fp(x)=xf^p(x)=x and fj(x)≠xf^j(x)\not=x for all 0<j<p0<j<p. When ff is continuous and II is an interval, a theorem due to Sharkovskii (\cite{BC}) states that there is an order in N\mathbb{N}, say ⊲\lhd, such that, if ff has a periodic point of period pp and p⊲qp \lhd q, then ff also has a periodic point of period qq. In this work, we will see how an extension of this order ⊲\lhd to an ultrapower of the integer numbers yields a Sharkovskii-type result for non-wandering points of ff.

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